The article provides a comprehensive analysis of Russian historiography at the beginning of the 21st century on the issues of intergenerational transmission of spiritual and moral experience in modern Russian society. The need to have a generalized scientific understanding of intergenerational interactions determines the relevance of this work, as understanding between different generations is a prerequisite for harmonious development of society. In the analysis of historiography, the methods of historical-comparative, historical-typological, content analysis were used, and the data of sociological surveys were taken into account. The article identifies the topics that attract the greatest and least attention of researchers, analyses the source base of profile works and their research apparatus; shows the factors that determine, according to modern Russian authors, the level of success of spiritual interaction of generations; the scientific and practical recommendations on the effective intergenerational transmission of spiritual and moral values were generalized. In practical terms, the materials of the article can be useful to representatives of the humanities and experts working in the field of state and municipal administration, social security, and education at all levels. The conclusions drawn from the results of this historiographic analysis can be used when adjusting university curricula in the humanities in order to include those issues in the list of mandatory for study, the development of which can contribute to the harmonization of intergenerational relations.

The article presents a comparative political and psychological analysis of the of Russian governors divided into two categories: “newcomers” and “old-timers”. The article focuses the study of their personal characteristics within the following levels: cognitive, affective, behavioral. At each level, certain personal components were studied in relation to the transformation of the governorate’s institution, which then allowed to identify the main trends in its functioning in modern Russia. The research used political and psychological methods that allowed to create personal profiles of heads of Russian regions. The authors concluded that “newcomers” and “old-timers” have both common and special features.

This article is a historical analysis of the works of foreign and domestic researchers of the national-state identity as a component of identity as such. The authors identified the most current challenges that prevent the formation of national-state identity in an individual, considered such components as the image of the enemy, the image of the past, national heroes, perception of the territory of the state, mythmaking. Conclusions are drawn about specifics of formation of national-state identity in today’s youth. It is shown that the identity of the young generation in Russia is hybrid and blurred, that under conditions of both external and internal political turbulence can lead to a crisis of identity among young people, which, in turn, negatively affects the further political socialization of the individual, prevents the formation of a sustainable identity with the cultural and value traditions of the past, as well as the understanding of their place and role in the State. Authors pay special attention to the influence of Internet communications on political socialization. Communication in the Internet environment, being network in nature, provides more autonomy to the individual in the construction of its own identity. At the same time, the motivation of constructing virtual identities is manifested in an individual more often, the more possibility of its self-realization is limited in “offline society”, which generates a process of alienation of social groups in the youth environment.

The paper identifies and analyzes of the major political fears of the modern Russian youth. The research studies this kind of sentiment among young people in the basic trends in the youth policy of the Russian Federation in the 2000s. The author examines the dynamics of youth policy, emphasizing its main stages and priorities. Also, the author paid particular attention to the impact of a power on the younger generation, as well as significant mistakes and shortcomings in this field, which had caused the formation of very disturbing “anti-patriotic” fears and phobias among the young people. In addition, the paper raises optimizing youth policy, especially in the Special military operation. 

Recently, the genre of Orthodox joke has become especially popular in the Russian Internet virtual space, in social networks that unite people of the Orthodox faith. This genre is at the intersection of philosophical and mythological discourses, basing on discursive research. It combines the features of a biblical parable and a fable. The rational component is a strong feature in the Orthodox joke, which brings it closer to the genres of philosophical treatises, although the anecdote as a more emotional and psychological orientation characterizes a genre. The combination of rational and emotionally expressive semantics forms a special pragmatics of the Orthodox joke, which makes it attractive among young and middle-aged Orthodox educated men. The purpose of the study is to identify the socio-semiotic specifics of the Orthodox joke as a genre that strengthens the modern form of urban rationalized normative-confessional religious identity. In the course of the discursive study of Christian humor, the authors carried out the structural, discursive, conceptual analyzes of the texts of the Orthodox joke. Also, they made in-depth and expert interviews, surveys of Orthodox believers, pilgrims and religious tourists in the traditional centers of the Russian Orthodox Church. Thus, the research revealed a pragmatic potential of the Orthodox anecdote, and it determined the comic verbalized in the joke based on the analysis of the morphological structure of the genre.

The article considers the dynamic side of power relations in politics, which characterizes the course of political life and the functioning of the political system of society, as well as the current state of the theory of the political process. The ambiguity of views on the essence of the political process, the correlation of the concepts of “processes in the political sphere” and “political process” is revealed. The main features of the political process that distinguish it other social and political processes, are identified, the classification of types of political processes on different grounds is substantiated. 

The article considers the experience of application in historical and cultural research of two key concepts of the concept of critical design by Anthony Dunne: “post-optimality”, which is used to describe aesthetics or poetics of the social process or phenomenon, and “para-functionality” characterizing not the essence of the social process, but its semantics. It has been argued that the notion of critical design applied in the field of IT-technologies can be transferred to the field of social and political design, where critical design can develop as a form of discourse —  beyond the design of traditional consumer products, to model social communications. As an example, the history of coffee consumption in the USSR was chosen as a political and cultural tool that shapes the development of society at the level of behavioral patterns. The loss of critical social design in Soviet society by the culture of coffee consumption occurred in the 1980s and preceded the political collapse of the entire Soviet “project”, which allows to analyze it as a complete and complete experience of transformation of the design object.

The article is devoted to the problem of the influence of the effects of digitalization on institutions and ideology of democracy in its various modern interpretations, as well as on the very evolution of the formats of participation of the masses in politics. Technological progress and the development of electronic communication systems lead to often unexpected, if not paradoxical, consequences in the relationship between elitism and mass politics. As a result, a new stage in the struggle for the management of public opinion and the main channels of communication is at the same time a consequence of technological changes and the evolution of the “mass” policy’s previously unregulated basic contradictions. The elitist approach is characterized by a priority course of maintaining control over the key digital platforms “for the common good” through agreements with the “digital oligarchy”, which minimizes destructive, from the point of view of the political mainstream, attempts by counter-systemic forces to change the status quo in dominant ideologies, values and power relations. For the extension adepts of mass politics, the new technical possibilities just give a hypothetical chance to correct the status quo, and in this sense, the “progressive” agenda opens the way for the conservative, and for outsider, in relation to the political mainstream, political and intellectual groups. 

In the article considers one of the key paradoxes of human interaction with the virtual environment: while the virtual environment is a continuous flow of artificially created information, the person perceives it as a psychological vital space. The goal of the research is to assess the degree of representativeness and validity of the topographic approach to the psychological analysis of the virtual vital space of modern person. Meta-analysis of publications in the field of psychological science related to the problems of virtual environment and indicators of the vital space of the person is conducted. Sources are science-metric databases (Russian Science Citation Index, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar). Keywords for meta-analysis of publication are: “virtual environment” and “virtual space”. Additionally, the criterion for the selection of publications is set: dependent variables of research should be quantitative or qualitative indicators of the components of the life space (needs, motives, purpose, abilities, emotions, behavior, etc.). 4390 articles published between 1995 and 2021 were controlled in terms of their conformity to the objectives of the research. 

This article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of trust in public scientific discourse. The authors consider various approaches to the research of the phenomenon of trust in economics, sociology, psychology and other branches of scientific knowledge. In-depth theoretical and methodological analysis of the understanding of the confidence phenomenon in the interpretation of different sociological directions is conducted. The author’s interpretation of the concept of trust from the point of view of the activity-phenomenological approach is given. The available approaches to the study of trust are systematized. In the empirical part of the research, in order to study how science responded to modern challenges related to trust in the network space in different chronological periods, the method of quantitative and qualitative content analysis was applied on the basis of scientific papers published in the period from 2000 to 2021. On the basis of the results, the authors were able to reproduce a list of 55 areas of knowledge and to derive thematic areas in which the phenomenon of trust is being studied.

The paper analyzes the key methods and technologies of extracurricular work currently used in higher education institutions. The authors present the major literature review on various aspects of the theory of education, as well as existing approaches in this field. Also, using general scientific and special methods of scientific research, the authors dissect various forms of extracurricular work, the use of which is accompanied by the selection of certain technologies. The paper also considers the experience of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation. The study shows the carry out extracurricular work out in numerous areas, such as support for talented youth; development of the creative potential of students, volunteering, self-governance; education of the basics of citizenship, patriotism, responsibility and promotion of a healthy lifestyle. The assay of the methods available to the university shows the most effective one is to focus efforts on three key areas: the formation of students’ individual qualities for practical activities arranging, and a student’s stimulation (or punishment). According to the study results, the authors developed practical recommendations on the use of methods and technologies of extracurricular work, as well as they presented the organizational structure, general methods and special technologies of extracurricular activities for the formation of a personality with a conscious civic position.

The paper analyzes conditions and factors of socio-political stability in the modern Russian state. The authors consider security, including cybersecurity, cultural and economic sovereignty, an intra-elite consensus and the consolidation of society as the fundamental conditions for the socio-political stability of a modern state. Also, the authors emphasize the special role of cultural sovereignty and state control over the country’s information space in the context of hybrid wars. 

Subject. Credit rating agencies continue to play an important role for financial market participants. Credit ratings are a useful tool for assessing investment risks, overcoming uncertainty, and facilitating companies’ access to credit markets. Meanwhile, national expertise is less and less in demand by the international rating industry, and therefore there is a need to integrate the national rating agencies of individual countries.

Purpose. Consideration of the prospects for Russia’s participation in the creation of an international rating agency based on an analysis of current trends in the assignment of credit ratings.

Methodology. The methods of dialectics, systemic and comparative analysis, as well as the historical-logical method and the method of systematization were used.

Results. The state of the world market of rating services is analyzed from the point of view of the dominance of the American Big Three, including in the context of the functioning of an alternative system for evaluating securities issuers in the European Union. The features of assigning credit ratings in Russia in the conditions of the current geopolitical situation are summarized.

Conclusions and prospects. The necessity of merging Russian rating agencies with agencies of other countries is substantiated in order to increase national and foreign demand for their services and increase Russia’s share in the international credit market.

The paper presents the results of an applied study of the digital audience, which forms the basis for the generation and distribution of social discontent in the Russian segment of social media. For profiling Internet users, the authors implemented clustering of subjects of the Russian Federation according to the type of social discontent. Through a cognitive mapping of digital content, authors analyzed the substance and structure of the information flow of social discontent in each selected cluster. The research selected regional markers that reflect specific topics and contexts of discontent. Owing to automated socio-media analysis, the authors got data on the gender and age structure of social discontent networks in Russia. The study results reflect significant differences in the structure of networks of social discontent, which determine the importance of using modern digital technics for their identification and assessment. 

The countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) will strengthen cooperation despite external pressure. This is also confirmed by the issues discussed at the meeting of the Intergovernmental Council of the EAEU held in February 2022 in Nur-Sultan, where it was determined that the countries included in the Council will develop a common market for the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor. All the EAEU member states continue to make necessary decisions for the development of trade, economic and humanitarian relations, improving the quality of life and wellbeing of citizens of their citizens. The article contains the results of scientific and applied research carried out using the methods of logical, systematic, comparative, economic and statistical analysis. The most important directions of trade and economic cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan, the economies of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and third countries are revealed, which have a significant impact on the development of integration processes of the EAEU, and to identify promising areas of cooperation in key sectors of the two largest economies. The dynamics of the openness of the economy of Kazakhstan over the past 20 years is considered. The contribution of Eurasian integration to the economic growth of Russia and Kazakhstan is assessed. The authors suggest possible promising areas of cooperation in key industries that contribute to strengthening economic relations between Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan. 

This article is devoted to the climate change agenda of the Party of European Socialists. In order to identify its current main features, the author characterizes the development of the climate discourse of the party under the influence of socialist, workers and social-democratic ideological foundations, as well as the political situation in the European Union at various historical stages. Through comparative analysis and discourse analysis, the general evolution and main principles of the Party of European Socialists and its political group, the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats, as well as the actual development and current priorities of the climate agenda are investigated. Comparative analysis and discourse analysis are carried out through the prism of election manifestos and the top officials’ rhetoric. The relevance of the study lies in the primacy of climate change for the European Union and its citizens, as well as the substantial modernization of supranational legislation under the leadership of Frans Timmermans, a member of the Party of European Socialists and Executive Vice-President of the European Commission for the European “Green Deal”.

The article analyzes the structure of the political elite of the Kaluga region. By means of biographical analysis, the composition of the political elite of the region in the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government is considered. In practical terms, research interest is concentrated around 35 personalities who are part of the regional elite and included in the sample for analysis. Appealing to the network approach as the methodological basis of the research, the authors, based on the results of the analysis, identify four political networks, each of which has its degree of institutionalization in the region. The last contour of the research is the analysis of the posts of elite representatives in the Kaluga region. During the research it is revealed that the key distribution posts are occupied by politicians from the first two levels of political networks. The authors propose to consider the successful indicators of the Kaluga Region as a consequence of a well-structured configuration of elites, where key posts are occupied by politicians with political influence in the region, which contributes to the formation of conditions for effective management of the region.

Digitalization transforms business by multiplying the channels of external and internal communication of companies, influencing business communication. Against this background, the study of differences in business communication training in the digital environment and in the audience is relevant. The article presents the results of a comparative study of the course “Business Communication”, implemented in the system of professional higher education and in online learning. At the first stage of the research, a register of the content characteristics of the course was compiled, such as: topics; business communication skills declared for the formation, and the planned results of the training in the traditional and online format. At the second stage, a comparative analysis was carried out according to the parameters identified at the first stage. As a result of the analysis of the content characteristics of the course revealed changes that occurred under the influence of digitalization in the topic of the online course, as well as the specificity of the skills and results of business communication training in the classroom and in the online course. The research allows the teachers of the course “Business Communication” to notice prospects in the development of the discipline.

An important area of language training at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation is its professionalization. This article examines the role of English-language original works in the formation of professional competence of students in the course of their training in the discipline “Foreign language (special)”, despite the fact that many students and teachers consider this inclusion redundant. When selecting fictions, it is necessary to take into account a number of criteria. These include: pronounced professional content, emotional involvement of the reader in the problems raised in the book; genre accessibility of the artwork. The author describes the technology of working with works at the pre-, while- and post-reading stages using the CLIL method and concludes that these works are a unique resource for the formation of a wide range of professionally significant competencies of the future international economist.

The paper provides issues of the relationship between politics and management within the framework of the Passport of the specialty 5.5.3 “Public administration and sectoral policies”. The paper briefly describes the results of the 2021 discussion on the content of this Specialty Passport. The authors offer in the discussion version for new opportunities that a new scientific specialty gives researchers. Also, they recommend political scientists to use not only research methods but also the preparation of management decisions. The authors believe, highly likely, introducing the scientific specialty 5.5.3 “Public administration and sectoral policies” will significantly attract already established management practitioners to science and ensure the interdisciplinary nature of the ongoing political science research (especially the dialectics of their connection with economic research).

Both the international community and individual states against Iraq applied some of the most extensive sanctions in recent history under President Saddam Hussein in 1990–2003. The State’s ability to withstand external threats has been weakened. The changing international dynamics influenced this, but also by the long-term sanctions regime. The United States and the coalition led by them took advantage of a weakened Iraq and invaded the country in 2003, overthrowing the regime of S. Hussein. The post-conflict situation and the occupation situation in which Iraq found itself headed by the new government required alternative approaches. The lifting of sanctions was because of the need to stabilize the new political regime in the country close to the occupiers after the overthrow of S. Hussein. Also, it contributed to the enrichment of certain lobbying groups in the United States associated with this military policy.