The article examines domestic and foreign experience in protecting human rights in the current epidemiological situation. The article is intended to contribute to a transdisciplinary dialogue on the formation of a stable position of states and the international community regarding the overarching task of maintaining human health and life support processes. It needs to focus on the crisis associated with COVID‑19, accumulating joint forces on resources to resolve it at a minimal cost. The meta-perspective of sustainability lies in a humanistic approach based not only on the control of a strategy, including mechanisms for containing and combating a pandemic, but also on the legal and ecological balance of human rights and freedoms, society and the environment a system-wide emergent property. 

The article presents the results of a media analytical study of the American Internet audience’s response to the spreading coronavirus pandemic. In particular, it concerns the cybermetric analysis of social media, which made it possible to identify the formed ambiguity in the assessments by American Internet users of events related to the coronavirus pandemic and analyse the process of constructing the coronavirus as an informational phenomenon. The epidemiological crisis has shaped new information trends in the geolocation of the virus, social distancing, hygiene and the use of individual types of protection, and the spread of information fakes. The study confirmed the thesis that social media can and should be used to support public health measures. Digital technologies help to overcome social constraints during mass quarantines and provide support for mental health, the formation of social solidarity in a society in a situation of social distancing and isolation. 

In the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic and the economic crisis in Russia, the labour market has changed, affecting the foreign labour force, which is an important category of it. In these changed conditions, the study of the employment of labour migrants from Central Asia is becoming more relevant. Based on a sociological study conducted by the author in Russia in 2020–2021 among 900 labour migrants from Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan in the cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg, the type and scope of their employment at home are analysed. The type and scope of their employment in Russia, the method of finding a job and competition with Russians, the type of colleagues and the length of stay in Russia are analysed. The analysis analyses the average monthly and hourly wages in Russia on average per year in rouble and dollar terms and participation in the formation of the family budget at home, the existence of a written agreement with the employer and the reasons for its absence in Russia during the COVID‑19 pandemic in the country and gender sections. 

The purpose of the presented study is to highlight the most relevant system for measuring human potential in terms of tasks to ensure an economic breakthrough at the national level, taking into account the specifics of the Russian Federation. The article explores different approaches to the definition of human potential. The authors have identified international and national methods for calculating this indicator, which make it possible to form the most complete and comprehensive set of indicators for the qualitative determination of the level of human potential. In our work, we used qualitative analysis of official reports and scientific papers on a given topic. An analysis of the concepts of domestic and foreign researchers regarding the assessment of human potential was carried out, which made it possible to determine the disadvantages and advantages of the approaches and the position of individual researchers. The scientific significance of the study results is the provision of a set of indicators for determining human potential. The results of the article can be used to prepare regulatory and methodological documents for the development of human potential and further domestic and foreign research on this topic. 

The article is devoted, firstly, to the analysis of methodological inaccuracies allowed in determining the essence of the concepts used in official documents, which in the future may lead to a misunderstanding of the document as a whole. We based our analysis on an examination of the content of the military doctrine of the Russian Federation and the author’s definition (based on the study) of the real military dangers and threats to modern Russia. Third, an assessment of the international military-political situation. At the beginning of the XXI century. No power has unambiguously delineated spheres of influence: an ideological, political and economic rivalry with a tendency to transform into an armed conflict can arise anywhere in the world. In the changing configuration of international security, it is not easy for Russia to defend its national interests, while our state’s position in international cooperation is of great importance for the planet. This exclusivity is associated with the huge scale of the country’s territory, a significant population, and the Russian Federation possesses one of the largest arsenals of nuclear and other types of weapons of mass destruction. The article is intended for a wide range of readers interested in military security problems. 

The stratification transformation of Russian society, which is influenced by the specific socio-economic processes of social and economic archaisation, expresses itself in the development of capitalist relations in atypical areas and forms of social practices. It leads to the feudalisation of many forms of socio-economic life and forms new specific models of social structure. According to archaic class models, the Russian society is stratified, transforming the former class social structure into an estate one. The new Russian classes are characterised by internal heterogeneity, and both are expressed in quasisocialisation and quasi-institutionalisation. Within each Russian class emerges its own elite, its own small middle class and a large group, shadow workers and self-employed. All of them are subject to processes of marginalisation and precarization. Shadow entrepreneurship within the marginalised lower strata of each class becomes a factor in the overall development of excellent social and labour relations in all areas of Russian life. These processes pseudo-institutionalise archaic socioeconomic practices that degrade the entire social structure of Russian society. 

The article deals with problematic situations in the field of higher humanitarian education, which reduce the quality of training of specialists. We paid primary attention to the leading Russian universities of the financial and economic profile. We based our research on Internet resources and media materials. We have shown that the problems in the field of higher education in the humanities are diverse, complex, associated with social preferences, the current situation in the country and the general vector of state policy. Based on the analysis, we proposed possible ways of overcoming the identified problems. To improve higher education in the humanities, the psychology of the participants in the educational process should constantly be at the centre of the attention of researchers. Also, training and team project work should become an obligatory element of the educational process. 

The primary purpose and objective of the study are to identify significant changes in social ontology under the influence of the digitalization process. A critical analysis shows that the categories of society’s ontology have been studied in economic theory, political science, historical sciences, and applied sociology. However, they ignore the philosophical content of the ontological categories of society, which actualizes the study of the dynamics of the ontology of society from the position of metaphysics, i. e., philosophical ontology. The study’s authors used a comparative analysis, theoretical synthesis, the hermeneutic method, and the principles of dialectical logic as the historical concreteness. As a result of the study, starting from the concepts of E. Pickering, L. Duston, P. Galison, M. DeLanda, Ilyenkov, and other authors, significant changes in the concept of objectivity of the ontology of society were revealed. 

A new global problem has been the spread of COVID‑19 coronavirus infection and the resulting recession, the crisis of vulnerable sectors of the economy and banking sector, social tensions, and internal political conflicts. For states with high levels of instability (social, economic, political) in the COVID‑19 period, the task of increasing investment growth and improving their quality has become even more relevant. In addition to economic factors, the investment process is influenced by related social, political factors and the effectiveness of the regulatory and management mechanism and the legal framework. In this connection, the article conducted a comparative analysis of project financing and implementation of investment projects in Russia and the EU countries. The author considered the theoretical paradigms of investment project models and identified factors affecting the development of financing investment projects. In conclusion, the author proposed ways to overcome problems in constructing the project financing mechanism and developing a model of investment projects. 

The paper analyses the economic and humanitarian aspects of assessing and managing the results of intellectual activity in Russia and abroad. The study’s relevance is determined by the increasing importance of intellectual resources in the socio-economic development of business entities. Shows the humanitarian aspects of intellectual activity, which must be considered when organising and managing intellectual activity. We revealed the problems of the development of the institution of intellectual property in Russia. Also, we showed the importance of the effectiveness of the organisation of assessment and management of intellectual activity in ensuring long-term socio-economic development and national security. Based on the analysis and generalisation of international and domestic experience in assessing and managing the results of intellectual activity, we developed proposals to improve these processes in Russia. 

The article presents the unique results of a study of the legislative co-authorship of deputies of the State Duma of the VII convocation. The study included 2207 draft laws that were submitted to the Russian parliament for consideration in the period from September 16, 2016 to December 31, 2020, and all deputies who worked at that time. All information related to the legislative co-authorship of deputies was processed using Python tools. The difference between co-authorship in draft laws and co-authorship in already adopted federal laws is shown, and the features of legislative co-authorship depending on the status of a deputy and his membership in a faction are also presented. The results of the study can be used in the implementation of projects to promote the interests of business and society in public authorities. 

Central Asia is a strategically important region for Russia due to its territorial proximity, logistic potential, and the activation of major foreign policy players. At the same time, relations between Russia and Kazakhstan, as a regional power, are very important for the entire region. In the post-Soviet period, Kazakhstan has become a key partner of Russia in Central Asia due to its consistent political position (gradual development of relations within the framework of integration associations and relations at the level of heads of state). Although today the nature of relations between the countries remains the same, the transit period in which Kazakhstan is located carries certain risks and prospects for revising these relations, which is especially important given the activation of other external players, including China, Turkey, and other countries of the West. Accordingly, Russia needs to have a clear understanding of the elite community composition of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its changes during the transit period. And it is necessary to understand what role specific elite groups play in making strategic political and economic decisions.

The problem of a struggle for hegemony between China and the USA in Latin American’s region in the discourse of Political Sciences, Economy, and Theory of International Relations is relevant nowadays. The negative socio-political constituencies, which became the result of attempts of the USA to establish dominance in the countries of Latin American, are considered in the article. The Chinese exclusion of the USA is regarded as an alternative way that establishes hegemony more effectively. The general author’s aims: to consider geopolitical issues of Latin American region in Political science view; to analyse attempts of USA to establish power in that region; to explain the victory of Chinese politics in the struggle for hegemony. The research is based on an analysis of scientific literature. Doing this research, the author has used the general political theories about hegemony. 

This research aims to assess the PRC’s causes of involvement and influence on the sphere of peacekeeping during the presidency of Xi Jinping in the PRC (2013–2021). China’s growing activity in UN peacekeeping yields controversial results: as such, peacekeeping undoubtedly helps reduce violence in unstable regions. Therefore, the role of the People’s Republic of China using its growing military power for the cause of peace is more than welcome, so China’s prestige also enhances. However, a more detailed analysis of peacekeeping operations demonstrates that the People’s Republic of China seeks to secure its economic interests around the world through peacekeeping. Besides, they assertively promote its agenda of ensuring peace over human rights protection, aiming to fix key posts in this sphere for China’s representatives. In addition, Chinese weapons and equipment can be tested during peacekeeping operations, and the Chinese military receives the necessary experience and practice. As the methodological basis of the research, the author used the structural-functional method, the historical-comparative method and content analysis of the relevant sources. 

The article provides an analysis of the labour market in the context of digital transformation. The changes in the labour market conditions in the digital economy and the requirements for personnel in the context of digital business transformation are analysed. Digital transformation is fuelling increased competition in the labour market and job losses for most employees. The article also discusses the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for personnel in the digital economy. The digitalization of the economy is gradually gaining momentum all over the world. In the Russian Federation, government agencies are directing their efforts to support innovation, transform state and municipal governance and build a digital government. Development and training personnel for the digital economy should become the foundation for digital transformation in any area. The digital transformation of a business entails changes in the model of work, the operations carried out, approaches to the organization of work, and even the strategy of the state and municipal government or business. For an effective transition, it is necessary to prepare all participants in the process for these changes: from line employees to managers. 

The article presents the analysis of role-playing by critical thinking as a selection criterion applied by HR services aiming to assess the employees and candidates for vacant positions. The article’s authors show facts proving the growing significance of the ability to think critically as demonstrated in the business and industrial relations system and outline scientific views on the content and attributes of critical thinking. The article undertakes an analysis of different stages and forms of critical thinking applied in a professional context. A thoroughly analysed example of an IT company illustrates the differences in requirements to different categories of employees whose jobs involve various degrees of critical thinking as a soft skill. There identified is a category of workers whose critical thinking ability is crucial to the company’s success. The article gives examples of tasks that can be used during job interviews or qualifying interviews to measure the critical thinking ability of job candidates or employees. Critical thinking is studied concerning the job responsibilities of employees and the suitability of employee performance for the goals and tasks of the organisation or company for which employees work. 

The improvement of the financial and economic mechanism and instruments for implementing state projects and programs is one of the most pressing issues for the Russian Federation in the regulation of economic processes. In this area, the most important thing for the state is the issue of providing citizens equally with socially significant services in demand and creating opportunities for broad access to the market of competitive services for all interested state and non-governmental organisations of various organisational and legal forms, and the possibility of creating new jobs as well. The state solving these problems is consistently developing and adopting legislative acts that regulate the process of practical implementation at all levels of government’s hierarchy, creating an opportunity for an independent regional and municipal policy in the field of employment, orderly attraction and regulation of migration processes. The article discusses new, most relevant approaches and considers the mechanism and tools, which make it possible to solve the tasks set by the authorities until 2024. The conclusions the author has drawn reflect the possibility of achieving concrete results, considering the tasks to be solved in the area of implementing the social order, regulating the employment of the population and labour migration at the regional and municipal levels. 

Терминология, связанная с историческими формами репрезентации рекламы в медиа, сегодня не отражает бизнесреальность. Задача профильного образования — систематизировать и упорядочить ее с позиции паблишера — издателя, предоставляющего траффик. Реклама, понимаемая в современном медиабизнесе как рекламные возможности паблишера, состоит из рекламного инвентаря ресурса и возможностей размещения нативной рекламы. Инвентарь, в свою очередь, состоит из медийной рекламы, используемой в прямых продажах и остаточной монетизации, реализуемой по технологии программатика. 

The article is devoted to the political struggle in Rus’ and around in the middle of the 13th century, after the establishment of Mongol rule, and the role in these processes of Alexander Yaroslavich, later nicknamed Nevsky, Prince of Novgorod, then Grand Duke of Vladimir. Assessments of this role in historiography are different. Opinions are known that make Alexander Nevsky responsible for the establishment of the Horde yoke, in particular for the overthrow of his brother Andrei from the Vladimir throne, and the so-called “Nevryuy’s campaign”. The article examines the course of events based on the few surviving primary sources. It is shown that Alexander, recognizing his dependence on the Horde forcedly and later than Andrei, was not the initiator of inter-princes’ rivalry, and made practically no real contribution to the formation of the Horde administration of North-Eastern Russia. 

In the context of the global digitalisation of all spheres of society, the state needs to master new tools for building effective communication with citizens. Social network algorithms and data collection mechanisms significantly impact the formation of information flows for each user, format their views and preferences, and even push them to make certain decisions based on the collected data about a person. Network algorithms initially created for targeted interaction of the content producer or product with the consumer in order to increase profits, today generate new trends in society and provoke various social effects, including negative ones, which carry serious risks for the state. Nevertheless, the state’s full development of digital technologies can provide opportunities for predicting social changes and correcting them and using their features to achieve domestic and foreign policy goals. 

In this article, the author raises the question of the importance of the environmental factor in the state policy on the eve of the elections to the State Duma in the fall of 2021. The interest of political movements with the “green initiative” is because the current regulatory framework and, therefore, state policy are ineffective. Further, the author analysed the chances of “green parties” to overcome the five-point threshold in the elections and delves into the current activities of the state on this topic as well. 

Review of K. M. Andreev’s monograph “The Right to Believe in Modern Russia” (questions of the implementation of constitutional freedom of faith). Moscow: The First Pattern Printing House; 2020. 672 p.