The article presents the results of applied political research. Its purpose is the determination of the scale and nature of the impact of social and media representation of prolonged political protests in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Belarus in the summer-autumn of 2020 on the Russian national Internet audience, namely, its reference to the crisis events related to the processes of delegitimisation in the Khabarovsk territory and the member state of the Union State. The cybermetric analysis of information flows in social media implemented in the study made it possible to identify gender, age, media location, and geolocation features of the cases’ online representation under consideration. By applying the case-study method, we identified common features, connections and dependencies, and differences between prolonged political protests in the Khabarovsk territory of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The event analysis carried out in the course of the study made it possible to record the key growth peaks in user activity dynamics around the protests. On this basis, it was possible to identify triggers that increased the intensity of protests and increased interest to them on social media. Among them, we can distinguish the following: elections, unpopular political decisions, violence by law enforcement agencies, victimhood, participation in protests by women and pensioners.

The article is devoted to the specifics of the formation of non-systemic opposition at the beginning of the 21st century. In this study’s framework, we understood non-systemic opposition as a non-structured conglomerate of political actors outside or on the periphery of the legal field and advocate both a radical change in the current political course institutional changes the Russian political system. We indicated that from 2000 to 2020, Russian non-systemic opposition had three stages of transformation. The recent rise of the non-systemic movement started in 2017–2018 and was determined by the electoral cycle and the pension reform. We also noted that non-system actors do not have a distinct strategy of behavior. But we can outline three “proto-strategies”: boycott, situational integration and aggressive.

During the period of active development of the latest Internet communication channels, improving their quality and accessibility, the issue of using various media technologies by state and municipal authorities is becoming more and more urgent. This issue’s relevance is due to the need to improve public administration based on new features of streaming services, social networks, and the spread of Internet platforms. The article presents an analysis of the relationship between the state and society through these mechanisms at the present stage, shows their role in forming a dialogue between the state and society, predicts the prospects for using new media as a tool for the democratization of Russian society.

In this article, the author applies the methodology of V. Klyuchevsky that states, that the division of Russian society into “Westerners” and “Slavophiles” (“Samobytniki”) was formed in the early 17th century. He made several reasonable conclusions while proving this particular point. Firstly, the main reason for the mass protest mood in the society that began in 1648 and poured out into the movement of the “Razinites” rebellion was the result of the emergence of the orientation of the highest secular and spiritual authorities to Europe and its methods of socio-economic policy. Second. It is precisely this orientation towards strict market relations coming from the West, with poor care for ordinary people’s lives. Thirdly, the orientation towards Europe weakened the position of Russian Orthodoxy favouring the new Greek form of Christian canons, where people had minimal trust in the Florentine Council and resulted in Byzantium’s deathIt was also because the Greeks in Russia were viewed as conductors of Western influence to destroy Russia as the last bastion of true faith. The next of the views, as mentioned earlier, was the unprecedented scope of the movement of the “Razinites”. It simply could not arise during the reign of such “original” (“samobytnik”) as Ivan IV the Terrible. On the contrary, at that time, the proto-Western sentiments were easily suppressed, which was, of course, clear to the people and, the policy itself had their support.

The article discusses the emergence of a new field of research in computational sociology that provides a framework for quantitative assessment of social processes and operates with extensive data resources. Further, the perspective of the dynamics of social science methodology is discussed: towards traditional social science with the ability to systematically identify and analyze problems to understand and explain social phenomena, or towards a new interdisciplinary field at the intersection of computational science and sociology. The author presented arguments based on achievements in explaining social phenomena and confirming the right to maintain/ obtain a fundamental discipline status. Finally, the author concluded that the paradigm shift in the social sciences is substantiated in connection with the changes taking place in society with the advent of new technologies and requiring social science to understand this phenomenon’s scale.

The article analyses the socio-cultural transformations taking place in the digitalisation era, affecting primarily the value paradigms of society, which include the traditions themselves and the social institutions that form and support them. The author noted that digitalisation, radically changing the traditional society, forms new value guidelines. Further, the author revealed that stability, resilience, confidence in the future are replaced by instability, reactivity, and mobility. It forms two main trends: detraditionalisation and fundamentalism. The author revealed that the global cosmopolitan society generates glocalisation as a form of protest, based on the idea of decentralisation and preservation of local cultures. Also, the author noted that there is the process of eliminating the traditional institution of the family and the creation of its new forms. An analysis of self-identification processes in the era of digitalisation leads to the conclusion about the formation of multiple identities — a worldwide community of digital trans-individuals. The author concluded that a stable state of insecurity, insecurity, a constant change of points of view and social roles gives rise to multiculturalism and hybridity of identity. The author also concluded that socio-cultural transformations in the era of digitalisation fundamentally reformat the main areas of society’s life, forming new life values.

The article examines the content of one of the modules of the concept of teaching the course “History”, developed by a team of authors for students of the Financial University. This part of the course is supposed to analyse the problematic aspects of humanity’s historical development and Russian civilisation’s place in it. We based our analysis on the theory of wave development of the historical process. On the one hand, it highlights the key moments of cardinal changes in the development trends of civilization. On the other hand, defines the fundamental social constants (FSK) that ensure the continuity of the cultural and historical tradition. Thus, students develop a general understanding of the laws and nature of the world’s development and national history. It provides an interdisciplinary historical and philosophical approach to teaching, combining historical data in the “History” course with the value reference points of eras, based on certain worldview foundations. The concept of philosophy of history presented to students is correlated with the theories of waves in the development of the world economy by N.D. Kondratyev and the anthropic principle in the physical theory of the “big bang”. It makes possible inscribing the positions of liberal arts education in vocational training and linking them with the achievements of modern natural sciences.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the possible negative consequences of expanding the scale of crisis migration from the countries of the Central Asian region (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan) to the territory of the Russian Federation in connection with the activation of terrorist organizations operating in the territory of Afghanistan. The subject of the article is the probabilistic characteristics of such crisis migration, its volumes, and directions, and the potential of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which can become the main recipients of such migration, according to the reception of mass crisis migration. The study’s result was a list of constituent entities of the Russian Federation for which massive crisis migration from Central Asian countries could be dangerous. Model measures have also been proposed for stopping the negative impact of crisis migration.

The article examines the influence of information transparency of higher education organization on the adaptation of international students. The author used in his study the method of a sociological survey to identify and measure the degree of named above of influence. The sociological survey of 262 international students from the capital and regional universities of Russia was conducted in the form of an electronic questionnaire using the SurveyMonkey software product. The study also used a cluster approach, which assumes that the choice of adaptation tools must necessarily take into account the cultural and ideological characteristics of a certain group of students (cluster). It is vital to use the obtained results for building marketing and admission strategies of the university based on the state and dynamics of changing external conditions. The paper concludes that it is necessary to support official information with various practical details to help future students prepare for learning in a new environment. The survey results of international students and conclusions should be recommended to educational organizations as a practical tool for forming an effective system of information openness of educational organizations, which will determine the success of the adaptation of international students.

The topic’s relevance is due to the need to realise the maximum potential of Russian higher education as an instrument of “soft power”. This article aims to analyse methodological issues and the optimal sequence of actions related to the political socialisation of international students studying in the Russian Federation. The article also highlights the difference and correlation between the terms “political orientation” and “political socialisation”. The author also draws attention to the fact that the process of socialisation does not stop even after an international student graduates and leaves the Russian Federation. The latter circumstance determines the specificity of the methodology of “supportive socialisation” concerning international students

Following the Council of Europe’s statute, the member states must recognise the principle that all populations under their jurisdiction enjoy fundamental rights and freedoms. The important treaty within the Council of Europe —the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of November 4, 1950 —enshrines the minimum mandatory standards that meet modern European constitutionalism requirements. The Council of Europe’s activities were initially based on shared values, harmonising the member states’ law around common principles —democracy, the rule of law, and human rights protection. The European Convention was developed for closer cooperation of European states in the field of human rights protection, prevention of their violations by member states, and the establishment of European public order outside the framework of national systems. On this basis, provisions on the binding nature of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights were included in the Convention. The Contracting Parties were obliged to comply with the Dispute Court’s final judgments to which they act as parties. The institution of citizenship is closely related to human rights. In this regard, the Council of Europe, through additional Protocol No4 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of the European Convention on Citizenship of November 6, 1997, and the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, gives newly expanded content citizenship. Simultaneously, the ECHR attaches great importance to the legal regulation of citizenship deprivation and forced expulsion, citizenship in mixed marriages, and children’s citizenship.

Based on the changes and impacts of Russian agricultural strategy, this paper combs the agricultural policies and main adjustment directions of Russia in various stages after the Cold War, as well as the prospects of Sino-Russian agricultural cooperation. Agricultural strategy in Russia is long-term. With the adjustment of national development and national interests, agricultural development goals have changed in various periods. The fundamental reason for agriculture growth during the economic downturn lies in the national strategy’s long-term subsidies and supports Nowadays, agricultural productivity in Russia has been dramatically improved, new adjustments have been made to the agricultural strategy, and the introduction of new development plans is to cope with the constraints resulted from the imbalance of economic structure. The new strategy will deepen the reform of the agro-industrial structure and guarantee the innovative and sustainable development of this field. Among them, active agricultural cooperation is an essential part of the reform process. Agricultural cooperation in Russia is centred on national interests and aimed at attracting foreign direct investment, which can improve the passive situation of diplomatic isolation while opening up the trade market Also, the upgrading of the Sino-Russian partnership will deepen bilateral cooperation in the agricultural field.

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the content and visual aspects of the Crimean discourse during the events of the Crimean spring of 2014 and five years after them (2018–2019) in the German online space. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the ambiguity of assessing the events of the Crimean Spring in the German online media. The results of a study carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of scientific project No18–011–00937/20 “Ukrainian information flows in the Crimean segment of social media: risks and technologies for overcoming the negative effects of anti-Russian rhetoric in the online environment” showed that the Crimean agenda on the one hand, it is filled with visual images that form a connection between the peninsula and Russia in the German media field, and on the other hand, the influence of the Ukrainian factor is invariably present in it, deforming the media image of the Crimean Spring and Crimea in general, introducing anti-Russian attitudes into it. The study of the tonality of the Crimean content in the online space of Germany revealed that the media image of the Crimean Spring was formed after the events, which led to the fact that after five years it turned into a negative field in the German media space, with the bulk of negative content being formed under the influence of the Ukrainian factor.

The globalisation of science and technology, the widespread use of digital technologies, Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization, and national projects are the reason for the changes in the requirements of the labor market for a university graduate today. The inalienable competence of a graduate of a non-linguistic university is a foreign language communicative competence, the level of which should enable specialists to know a foreign language to the extent necessary to obtain professional content information from foreign sources, have skills in general and professional communication in a foreign language. In this regard, the need for using innovative techniques is growing, and the issue of motivation remains one of the fundamental in the process of teaching a foreign language. The article presents innovative technologies for teaching a foreign language in a non-linguistic university.

The article discusses the possibilities and limits of using digital technologies that have been adopted by European countries to solve the tasks of collecting and processing data for recording and monitoring migration flows in the EU. The dynamic growth of migration in the world has raised the question of the need for rapid access to a large amount of data to solve social, economic, and political issues. Current trends in migration form a request for automated data collection and the possibility of using them to predict people’s movement. At the end of the article, the author concludes the effectiveness of adapting information and communication technologies to solve EU migration policy issues.

The phenomenon of the emergence of capitalism in Europe at the turn of the Middle Ages and modern times calls researchers, again and again, to turn to this era to comprehend the birth of a new socio-economic system, within which the main part of the modern world exists. It is evident that capitalism arose in Europe due to the coincidence of several circumstances The article is devoted to the history of Jewish bankers in Renaissance Italy and their contribution to the formation of modern capitalism We considered Renaissance Italy’s role in developing such financial dynasties as Abarbaneli, Banco, Montefiore, Morpurgo, Norsa, Pisa, and others. Some of these families continued to retain a significant role in the world of finance after the Renaissance. The article also examines the close relationship between some of the financial dynasties.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of socialisation of schoolchildren in closed educational institutions. In the first part of the work, the author considered the essence of socialisation and shown the two-directional nature of this process. On the material of the stages of socialisation proposed by E Erickson, the author demonstrated the importance of adolescence and early adulthood transition. Next, the author presented the mechanisms of assimilation of social experience, the most important of which are imitation, identification, observation and appropriation. The author described the criteria for successful socialisation for boarding school students, the key of which is the manifestation of activity and the ability to create. The combination of the roles of teachers in boarding schools is shown. In the second part of the work, on the example of the Smolny Institute of Noble Maidens, the author studied the conditions contributing to the humanisation of the educational process and the development of subjectivity in pupils. Finally, the author concluded that socialisation’s preferred model ought to combine training, upbringing, and pedagogical participation for each child.

The article is devoted to analysing statements in the political discourse of the COVID19 pandemic, including information transmitted by numbers. It shows how political discourse agents use numbers to form standards for the fight against COVID19 and thus demonstrate competence in solving this problem. The author concludes that even in the absence of standards for evaluating poorly studied phenomena, the latter can be measured and, as a result, controlled by discourse. The study uses a discursive analysis of utterances, which focuses on their semantic characteristics. On its basis, the author characterises their pragmatic features. The author based the theoretical part of this research on the works of N. Luhmann and F. Jungers. The analysis of practical examples the author based on the results of researchers who tried determining the features of numbers as a discursive phenomenon.

Nowadays, an “eminence grise” is a person who does not officially hold a leadership position, but because of his personal qualities, behaviour, and experience plays a rather important role in management. The “eminence grise” is an obligatory competent person with outstanding organizational and intellectual abilities, and more often than not, he is not public. The article analyses the historical origins of the concept, and also reveals the main psychological characteristics that an “eminence grise” should have.

With the formation of a newly democratic Russia with its increasingly developing market economy and business, the issue of legalising lobbying through the legislative process has become even more urgent. The author referred to the experience of some institutionally developed Western states. They used the legalisation of lobbying as one of the channels of aggregation and articulation of the interests of various groups and categories in society. It serves as a justification for such an important political step. The need for regulation in the field of lobbying is associated with the growing demand of social groups, primarily business, to have a direct institutional channel of communication and influence on the authorities Supporters of lobbying into a legal framework emphasise the most important role of the legalisation of lobbying as a tool to rid civilised lobbying of all kinds of criminogenic and illegal manifestations. Opponents say that the legalisation of lobbying is now the legalisation of corruption. The article examines the concept and essence of lobbyism, identifies the primary tasks for formalising civilisational, normal lobbying in the Russian Federation gives a brief historical background on this phenomenon in conjunction with the experience of legalisation in the United States.