The relevance of the topic is due to the exposure of young people to radical ideas because representatives of this social group have not yet signed a social contract with society. This statement is especially true for young people studying in universities, which is geographically concentrated in small locations, and is subject to much less control than, for example, school students. The purpose of this article is to make a brief overview of foreign experience in the  prevention of extremist  attitudes  among students. The article discusses the  experience of European countries such as Denmark, Austria, France and the United Kingdom. In Europe, the carriers of radical Islamism are considered as potentially dangerous elements, and it is against them  that prevention is carried out in educational institutions. However, with few exceptions, such prevention is formal and unlikely to produce systemic results. On the example of Turkey and China, we consider a different practice of prevention of radical moods, based on the total coverage of the preventable group. In the first case, purely administrative levers are used, in the second — the latest information technology. At the end of the article, the author concludes that European methods, which are suitable for Russia due to a similar structure of society, are less effective. At the same time, Chinese technologies, the reverse side of which is almost total information control over society using Big Data technologies, should be recognised as more effective. This picture resembles the structure of society described in the works of anti-utopians.

The article presents the results of the study of the impact of Internet communication, including social networks, on the formation of the professional culture of applicants and students of political, economic and managerial educational profiles, as well as a professional adaptation of young professionals who started work immediately after graduation from high school. The professional culture of students as the subject of the research we understood as a set of sustainable values, norms, attitudes and behavioural strategies that emerge mainly in the digital environment in the process of choosing a profession, gaining professional competencies by a student at a university and supporting a career as a young specialist. The adaptation of young professionals is the process of forming of the ideas of their mind about a particular profession through the formation of the image of a professional, identification with a professional group, as well as the implementation of the installation on entering the professional community. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods, we identified and classified destructive and design features of the influence of digital communications on these phenomena. The vector of influence in the area of destruction is caused by the negative factors of the digital environment that can catalyse the regressive forms of professional adaptation. Accordingly the influence of the vector of influence in the constructive area is due to the positive factors of the digital environment achieved through the targeted development of digital competencies at all levels of education. In conclusions and recommendations, the article suggests methods and techniques for implementing anti-destructive immunities in the digital environment. 

The article analyses the international experience of using higher education as a foreign policy resource of the state. The relevance of the topic is due to the intensified confrontation between the leading States on the world stage, which occurs not only in the power and diplomatic spheres but also in the use of the policy of “soft power". Here,university education aimed at promising young people with not yet established values play the most important role. The author formulated the key reasons for its application as such a tool. In particular, the ease of use of such tools is explained by the secrecy of its impact, the ability to fill educational programs with ideological components in the declared de-ideologization of the educational process, as well as the ability to work ‘long’ with the most promising personnel. The author indicated that the objects of such educational policy are two target groups. The first - the most promising staff who after graduation remain in the country of study, replenishing academic and research staff of the leading universities, which are trained or employed in large private and public organisations as highly qualified specialists. The second - the students who return to the countries that sent them to study, where they become conductors of the ideological settings set in them. The article also discusses the tools of impact on target groups, which primarily include grant programs, an organisation of student and teacher exchanges, a delegation of teachers to give lectures, joint educational and research projects, as well as funding the production of educational and research literature written in the necessary ideological key. 

Today, science in Russia is in a difficult position. There are some problems to be resolved: lack of young scientists, lack of demand for the results of the work of scientists by society and the economy, lack of infrastructure. The state is in dire need of finding new measures that would make Russian science one of the most important factors in the country’s innovative and technical development. Creating a competitive and innovative system in Russia is impossible without the influx and consolidation in the scientific and educational sphere of young highly qualified specialists. It is also important since there is a noticeable correlation between the level of a country’s scientific potential and the level of social development, prosperity, and well-being of citizens. Analysing modern programs and projects for the development of science and innovations, we can conclude that the youth policy in the field of science, the state does not give sufficient attention to it. Measures to stimulate it should be based on global trends and driving forces for changes in economic and technological processes, and in general, trends in the development of the modern world economy. It is necessary to take into account the principles of building a system of state youth policy in the field of science, reflected in this article, which includes management at every stage of scientific and educational activities at the federal, regional and municipal levels.

Professional language training of specialists at higher school is still one of the most top-priority tasks in Russian contemporary three-level education system. The article discusses the need to eliminate the main demotivators in teaching foreign language in the field of business for professional purposes during the preparation of bachelors in the speciality ‘Politicalscience’. Empirical studies show that at the present stage of development of higher education such demotivators include the initially low level of foreign language proficiency in non-linguistic university applicants, fear of failure, low self-esteem, lack of productive relationships based on empathy with teachers, unhealthy competition in the group or course, poor self-organisation, etc. Studies prove the need to eliminate these demotivators at the initial stage and the subsequent creation of a productive learning and development environment, which is able not only to remove the negative blocks but also to integrate the knowledge gained with new ones in the framework of professional training of political scientists. The psychological and pedagogical motivators in the study of a foreign language for professional purposes include: the creation of corporate culture and role models of scientific and pedagogical staff of the university; the imitation of a quasi-professional environment in the classroom with an emphasis on oral forms of speech communication; strengthening students’self-esteem; the use of methods of immersion in the language environment in the framework of academic mobility and internationalization of education. 

The article examines the man criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the performance of government functions in modern Russia. The author concluded that it is possible to single out seven special and one integrative criterion. These criteria characterize the economic, political, social efficiency and effectiveness of political management.The main criteria include: achievement of strategic indicators in a timely manner, balanced maintenance of the integrity of the system and activation of the development potential of public spheres, targeted expenditure of budgetary funds, costs for the implementation of functions, the use of an adequate management style. The author investigated the role of civil society institutions in the exercise of state functions. Further, the author analysed the non-profit sector and business as subordinate actors in the neo-corporate model. The author argues the need for greater participation of the non-profit sector in the process of developing and implementing public policies. The integrative criterion of the effectiveness of the performance of the functions of state power is the formation of the widest winning coalition. This coalition can be measured by the level of trust and support of “included groups" in a certain area. As well as the level of mistrust and protest sentiments of the “excluded groups” in a certain sphere.

The article describes the current trends of the social state by Russian and foreign experience. The purpose of the article is to determine the range of the most important problems of the effectiveness of the modern social state, due to the fact that in modern society everywhere there is a modification of the social state in the direction of its privatization, reducing the participation of public authorities and more active participation of civil society institutions. The use of anthropological methodology allowed to reveal axiological aspects of the problem, comparative methodology - comparative analysis of the ways of social processes management. Also, in the study of the dynamics of the processes, we used the system and historical methodologies. The determinant of the actual model of the social state for Russia was the demographic situation provoked by the ‘demographic pit’ of the 1990s and caused by the reduction of the able-bodied population, the absence of the middle class, the emergence of the ‘working poor’ and the increase in the retirement age population. The implementation of the welfare state in the USSR received a boost in its development in the West, the incarnation was superior to the Soviet counterparts but were perverted neo-libertarianism promises.

In conclusion, it is proposed to improve the Russian tax legislative framework through the reception of positive experience of foreign countries for donors of the social state in various fields of application of the social state. Particular attention is paid to the realisation of the right to secondary and higher professional education by children from low-income families because children are a strategic labour resource for any state. This problem is global, and there is currently no optimal legislative and practical solution, both in the West and in Russia. 

The implementation of sanctions as an instrument of policy implementation is deeply rooted in the history of international relations. The sanctions restrictions themselves may concern not only the economic but also the political, diplomatic and other spheres of activity. The goal of sanctions has always been the same - to influence the target country without the use of complex military actions, weakening it and pushing for political capitulation. Economic sanctions are today one of the most effective forms of pressure. It is because, in the context of the creation of a single global market, economic relations have become important, respectively, their gap leads to significant costs. This article is devoted to the analysis of sanctions instruments used by international actors to exert pressure on sovereign States. The purpose of sanctions is to influence the target country without the use of complex military actions, weakening it and pushing for political capitulation. The authors note that the United States, which is the main driving force of the sanctions policy, uses it to solve its geo-economic and geopolitical problems. At the same time, the West, which seeks to preserve the existing liberal world order, and, in particular, the United States, losing the status of a global hegemon, uses the principles of neo-modernism as a new philosophical basis for its ideology.

The authors of the article based on the materials of the sociological study conducted in 2018 analyse the problems associated with the real state of the quality of medical care in the health care system of the country and associate them with the solution of the strategic task - improving the quality of life in Russia. The results of the study indicate the need to make changes and additions to a number of legal acts of the Federal authorities of the Russian Federation, subjects of the Russian Federation and municipal authorities for the legal regulation of medical care and the provision of affordable and quality medical care. The main reasons for this situation are the insufficient budget financing of the Russian health care system (by WHO recommendations - at least 7% of GDP), as well as the lack of unified, unified with the global approaches to the structure of quality of care and quality management. In the context of complex socio-economic reality, it is necessary to develop effective social mechanisms and ways to influence the quality of medical services provided to the population and the growth of life expectancy. The authors analyse the social and legal approaches to the study of the attitude of the Russian population to the quality of medical care with ensuring the responsiveness of the Russian health care system to the expectations of the population.

The article presents a model for assessing the quality and relevance of educational services of higher education, studied the conditions of the formation of an independent external and internal evaluation of the results of education. The authors developed and described the system of objective and subjective indicators by which the assessment of quality and demand of educational services of the higher educational institution made by interested groups of consumers. Further, we describe groups of consumers of educational services, the evaluation of the results of education taken into account in the system of internal and external independent evaluation: graduates, employers, faculty, students. The concept of ‘quality of educational services’ is specified. Simulated collective portrait of the demanded competences of professionals in the labour market by expert assessments of professional and cross-professional competencies. The article presents an assessment of the quality and relevance of professional competencies by external and internal independent evaluation by interested groups of consumers of educational services. According to the results of the study revealed a significant difference between the set of competencies provided by higher education institutions to students and young professionals in the form of educational services and the list of professional and universal qualities that employers expect to receive from their young applicants. The article presents a proven model of University rating, which includes both objective and subjective rating indicators. 

The strength of an extended military confederation lies much less in its accumulated power than in the clarity of its strategic line. Now, we must be aware that political intelligence often lacks when the imperial heart of a military organisation starts declining . This is why it is currently uneasy for NATO to predict its own future for 2030 . Its own documents of prospective are sometimes vague: “NATO may face adversaries consisting of states as well as non-state actors, that will work independently or in concert..." . They are marked, in any case, by a tremendous lack of imagination . It has been argued thatNATO would survive during the next fifteen years because it had already overcome major strategic upheavals . In fact, NATO will survive for another reason. The current geopolitical context has become so volatile that rigid bureaucratic military organisations have become perfectly inadequate to counter evanescent external threats. Moreover, the capacity of American and European states to decide of a foreign policy has strongly diminished because of their cultural deficit in the treatment of intelligence. The NATO network survives however in order to meet a completely different challenge than the original one. Its main task has become to ensure the internal order of countries that have been deeply destabilised by migrations . In 2030, diminished American and European countries are challenged by an ascending Russia. NATO has been paralysed by its own geocultural deficit. However, it achieves to adapt and transform, investing even more in technology in order to meet the new internal challenges.