This paper authors are investigates prerequisites for transition to innovative development paradigm in the whole country and in the Russian Federation regions through a prism of interest alignment for elites/local elites and the entire society. Developing strut atomization in the contemporary Russian society predetermines different vectors of their priorities which superpose on the modern worldwide economy’s turbulence matrix, a whole range of military conflicts close to Russian border, sanction confrontation with USA and taken their part countries, as well as on civilizational, national and confessional dissidences etc. All this pushes researchers to search new ways and methods for an effective and optimal forming of national innovative system

The role of modern elites in the political and economic innovational modernization of countries across the world, in particular Russia, is analyzed in this paper. Provided that in the early 21st century the development processes are tightly controlled by elite communities and groups in a majority of countries, virtually all strategic innovative projects are launched and directed by them. However, not many segments of ruling establishment are in favor of reforming initiatives, let alone the population, whose political culture is quite conservative. Therefore, the author tries to determine who is “an innovative thinking initiator” in the contemporary society, and who is becoming a follower. At this all difficulties and issues that go along with the innovative project implementation are analyzed based on Russian experience. In particular, special attention is paid to the national innovative development prospects strategic vision by the elite groups.

The subject choice is primarily due to depletion of the previous model of Russia’s socio-economic and hence political development. Such an opinion is common both in the expert community and in the governmental structures, this has been documented. Thus, in the Guidelines for Action of the Russian Federation Government until 2018, approved 2015 May 14, have been specified three main challenges facing the Russian Federation. Of these the decline in global demand for traditional primary commodities, and geopolitical aggravating, which has led to an increase in economic and political uncertainties, actual closing of access to debt financing in foreign markets for the majority of Russian companies, restrictions on the modern technologies involvement from abroad. In other words, the Russian government has officially recognized that existed during all 25 post-soviet years model based on borrowing in international financial markets (in the 1990s - on behalf of the state, the last 15 years - by increasing the corporate debt) has exhausted itself.In this regard, a question about future development scenarios has arisen. Russia’s “sovereign” development supporters suggest a mobilization scenario more and more hardly. In particular, in August-September 2015 the presidential adviser S.Yu. Glazyev has become more active: he has made program statements in mass media, as well as has presented September 15 at a closed meeting of the Russian Federation Security Council’s Interdepartmental Commission on security in the economic and social area the report “Russia’s Competitive Potential, and Ways of Its Implementation for National Security”. In fact, at the moment the document is the country’s mobilization development program and requires a cardinal revision not only the government’s whole policy, but also the authorities’ policy in general, including political system structure changes.In addition, according to some experts’ opinion, the Russian military operation in Syria, which has begun in late September 2015, can take a protracted nature. The Russian economy, taking into account its current state and prospects, may not sustain the costs for a long-term military operation. It also updates the theme of the mobilization scenario’s possible socio-political consequences.Russia during the 20th century has survived three mobilization development attempts - two “hard” Stalin’s modernizations and, relatively speaking, a “soft” Andropov-Gorbachev one (a short war communism period can be put out of the brackets). The former two attempts can be considered as successful, among other from the socio-political point of view, and the later one - as unsuccessful. That particular failure has not allowed overcome the trends, including in the socio-political area, in large measure started processes that led to the USSR disintegration.

Today one of the economic science’s most interesting directions is creation of the unified theory for economic growth. The catching-up development concept appears as rather reasonable to become the base of such theory. The catching-up development’s starting mechanism is an emergence of innovative growth zones and new standards of consumption which are based on more high working efficiency in new productions. The catching-up development starts at loan of consumption standards and technologies which support them. The researches have shown that the major factor determining the catching-up development speed is a providing of population with sign consumer goods. An insufficient level of the providing causes the population’s discontent with the life that, in turn, provides the citizens’ economic activity increase. An increase in goods and services production is a result of economic activity increase.

This paper is devoted to research of a phenomenon related to debt and credit behavior in the context of ordinary ideas. The analysis of statistical data about current trends of credit and debt behavior is carried out. Economic, social and psychological factors and mechanisms of the debt behavior are marked. A special influence of post-industrial society’s prescriptions on the credit behavior is noted. A problem of differences in perception of an institutional type of a loan (credit) and not institutional type of a loan (debt) is separately considered. The research results testifying that there is a shift to risk in a situation so far as concerns a debt, and in ordinary idea the debt concept is more connected with money non-return possibility, than the credit concept, are presented. It is specified that the plastic money introduction factor essentially influences on emergence of individual debts, and this fact promotes the criticality decrease when shopping on credit. Age, gender and professional characteristics, influencing ideas of debts, have been

The paper’s authors investigate the features related to the process of entering the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol into the Russian Federation. This investigation’s particular accent has been placed on analysis related to the process of new regions adaptation and integration in the Russia’s social, economic and political system. In particular, the analysis of the conditions under which the integration takes place is carried out. There is the support of population on the one hand, and the external economic sanctions on the other. The authors analyze the status and prospects of Crimea’s energy and transport infrastructure development in connection with the blockade on the side of Ukraine. A number of problems and areas for further work to improve the adaptation and integration process effectiveness have been pointed out in this paper

The theory of political business cycles is focused on the possibility for manipulating of the macroeconomic variables - gross domestic product output, unemployment level, and inflation in order to obtain political advantages in the process of future elections in a democratic society. The periodicity of elections results in cyclical movements at the national economy. The impacts on the economy are carried out through the monetary policy pursued by the Central Bank. The Central Bank is independent from the government in its operational activities. However, de-facto the Central Bank’s top management has a lot of connections with the government, paving the later with hidden from voter channels for monetary policy manipulating in the government’s political interests. The active manipulation of the American economy by the president Richard Nixon in 1972 in his own political goals had drawn William Nordhaus attention and had formed the basis for creation by him the theory of political business cycles.The present paper devoted to analysis of the Nordhaus research (1975) motives in the context of American political and macroeconomic situation during the Richard Nixon’s presidency. Data on the monetary policy manipulation pursued by the US Federal Reserve System during the elections of 1972 and their macroeconomic consequences are considered. The personal and professional relationship of Arthur F. Burns and Richard Nixon are analyzed separately.

The foundations in the Eurasianism doctrine, one of the philosophical and socio-political movements of the Russian emigration’s first wave are considered in this paper. The Eurasian concept’s key ideas, such as the uniqueness and originality of Russian ethno-cultural space, features of development area, Russian multinational people’s unity, “pan-Eurasian nationalism,” national idea, Eurasian statehood are analyzed. The basic documents and programs of the federal cultural policy are considered in this paper, and a correlation of Eurasian concepts with the basic principles and objectives of the Russia’s state cultural policy in the post-Soviet period are carried out as well. The conclusion is drawn that the Eurasian concept can be used for solving the problems of cultural policy at this country development’s present stage, as this concept takes into account specific national, geopolitical, historical and cultural characteristics of our state and allows keep the Eurasian world’s identity and diversity.

The further increase of the role of society’s globalization and informatization processes in the 21st century creates the need of management’s new paradigm formation in the frame of which mathematical methods and models will be widely used. Even today the information flow growing in a geometrical progression practically defies the full and timely analysis, wherefore it is very difficult to adopt optimum decisions based on logic and intuition. In this paper an example related to integration of methods of various sciences (psychology, philosophy, mathematics) for the purpose of creation of a model which will help to predict the expected variations of people’s behavior is considered. Having analyzed this paper’s data it is possible to draw the following conclusion: catastrophism application in management as the tool for forecasting of the population’s reaction on changes is expediently as this application gives the chance for creation of actual model for human behavior and stability perception by the people. Whereas it does possible a timely administrative reaction and facilitates a task for making of relevant decisions.

Each state applied for regional or global leadership faces the necessity of innovations. One of the models of innovative development is the Chinese. It includes not only political and economic changes. Factors of political culture, more specifically - the mythological factor is often underestimated in the study of innovative modernization.To date, China has made considerable progress in a relatively short period of time. In this situation it is important and interesting to understand, due to what "non-standard" methods it happened. The model of Chinese innovation modernization demonstrates the strategic role of the mythological factor in the economic and political development of the country. The article examines the main "pillars" of the use of mythology within the framework of innovative modernization - archetypes and mythological worldview.

Some aspects relating to the system approach application in the teaching of bachelors for “Politology” specialization are considered in this paper. The features of professionally focused foreign-language training, including psychological, psycho-physiological and linguistic aspects of the described process have been presented. The author comments more detailed constructs that can promote the foreign-language training improving, namely: taking into account students’ age features, demand in a practical orientation of foreign language learning process and its connection with a following professional activity, as well as opportunities that such multidisciplinary branch of knowledge as “Foreign Language” reveals. Some practical recommendations for successful accomplish of objectives and tasks on foreign language lessons for politologists-bachelors are offered from the system approach standpoint.

Some historical aspects related to logopedia’s development in Russia and connected with activity of M.E. Khvattsev - distinguished teacher and scientist are considered in this paper. The author assumes that acquaintance to this experience will allow resolve more successfully the problems facing today secondary and higher education in Russia. Growth of children’s articulation disorders number belongs to these problems range. This growth connected both with digital technologies development, and with increase in number of migrants children who are poorly speak Russian. The author insists on the need of development of special service for the correctional and developing work organization. The author suggests the work of professor Khvattsev and his pupils in 1950 - 1970s as one of examples for logopedic treatment system creation.