The article analyzes the communicative practices used by humans in communicating with artificial communication systems. The focus is on the unique hybrid nature of the interaction, which is formed at the junction of human expectations and algorithmic constraints. The authors show how traditional communication models are being transformed, adapting to new digital realities, where the interlocutor is deprived of subjectivity in the usual sense, but at the same time provokes complex and sometimes ambivalent forms of communicative behavior. The empirical basis of the study was 24 semistructured interviews, the analysis of which was conducted in accordance with the methodology of sound theory. The consistent use of open, axial, and selective coding allowed the authors to go beyond the simple description of speech tactics and conceptualize communicative practice as a special form of social action. The combination of deep empirical analysis with a theoretical framework made it possible to uncover the deep mechanisms of interaction, including the motivational intentions of users, the features of symbolic perception of artificial intelligence, and the entire spectrum of emotional response — from curiosity and delight to disappointment and frustration. As a result of the research, the key strategies used by users are revealed: from utilitarian query refinement and role-playing programming to emotionally tinged politeness and game experimentation. It is shown that externally technologically mediated communication internally reproduces and simultaneously transforms human communication models, creating a new synthesis of rational and social. Thus, communication with artificial intelligence appears not as a simplified exchange of commands, but as a complex, multidimensional process of constant adaptation, where a person builds a unique relationship with an algorithmically organized partner who occupies the position of an ambivalent pseudo-subject.

The relevance of this study is due to the technical and technological possibility of creating a unified information space in the Russian Federation.

The purpose of this study is a sociological analysis of the attitude of the Russian educated community and students to the possibility of creating a unified information space in our country, identifying sociological dependencies and correlations in relation to its creation on the age, level of education, and specific competencies of respondents. The success of the existence of a unified information space and a unified state information policy depends on the attitude of society towards alternative information, on the functional-semantic orientation of the assessment of closed and prohibited content, on the critical analysis of Western information. Materials and methods. The research was conducted in December 2023 and February 2024 among students of secondary vocational and higher educational institutions. The research methods used were a mass sociological survey of Russian students from 29 constituent entities of the Russian Federation (n = 513) and a correlation analysis of the obtained digital data.

Research results. The study revealed that more than half of the respondents assessed the creation of a unified information space in the Russian Federation as technically and technologically possible and socially important. One third of respondents believe that the formation of a unified Russian information space is politically necessary during real geopolitical challenges. There is no sociological correlation between the type of region and the negative attitude of respondents towards the creation of a unified information space.

Conclusions. It was revealed that the older the respondents are, the more often they take the position that the creation of a unified state information space without the influence of enemy propaganda is necessary for the harmonious development of society. The higher the level of foreign language proficiency of respondents, the greater their interest in alternative anti-state foreign or Russian-language opposition content. The conducted research allows us to conclude that there are certain instrumental prerequisites for the formation of a unified information space. 

Xi Jinping’s reign has marked a new milestone in Chinese history. Over the past decade, the country has significantly strengthened its position on the international stage, leveraging its economic potential and rich cultural heritage. The PRC has demonstrated unprecedented activity in solving global problems, participating in the resolution of crises at both the global and regional levels, and making a significant contribution to the transformation of the international relations system. Under Xi Jinping’s leadership, China is striving to take a leading position in various fields, from innovative technologies to sports and culture. Xi Jinping’s personality and political concepts have become particularly important not only for Chinese society but also for world politics as a whole. In the modern scientific community, the phenomenon of the political ideology of the Communist Party of China has been the focus of attention of the Chinese and global academic community for several years. This article presents the author’s research based on a comprehensive analysis of scientific publications on the subject, carried out using advanced data visualization technologies — CiteSpace 6.2. The methodological basis of the research was an extensive corpus of scientific publications — 4,382 articles published in authoritative CSSCI journals. The author’s analysis revealed key trends and the most discussed topics in the field of ideological studies. The results of the study demonstrate that Marxist-Leninist philosophy, which is the fundamental basis of the political doctrine of the Communist Party of China, takes a special place in the broad spectrum of ideological studies. At the same time, the modern scientific program is characterized by a significant expansion of the thematic field, which is especially noticeable during Xi Jinping’s reign. It is significant that current research in the field of ideology demonstrates close integration with the challenges of the digital era, reflecting the scientific community’s desire to understand the new realities of the modern world. This is evidence of the dynamic development of ideological research and its adaptation to the time requirements. 

The article is devoted to the study of parameters that contribute to the identification and structuring of the latent sphere of politics as a special space for interaction and self-realization of actors in covertly achieving goals and solving imperiously significant tasks. Due to the closeness of the relevant processes, the latent sphere is usually difficult to recognize and rationalize. However, a comprehensive look at politics in general and public policy in particular makes it possible to assess both the functional conditionality of latent mechanisms and technologies of the political space, as well as their “user” demand due to the significantly inferior capabilities of the public sphere. Modern practice-oriented methods of postbehavioral epistemological orientation, which make it possible to interpret events and phenomena of modern political communication in a logical and intuitive way, together with normative, network and comparative approaches, have formed the methodological basis for a consistent study of the problem. According to the results of the study, among the general parameters characterizing the presence and development of elements of the latent sphere, the following were identified: the multilevel nature of politics, its classification and staging, which determine the specifics of latent phenomena at different levels, in different types and at different stages. In the context of public policy, the latter parameter makes it possible to distinguish between the variability of latent practices both in goal setting (where goals may be hidden) and in goal achievement (where mechanisms for achieving established priorities become latent). 

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the use of social media in Côte d’Ivoire, as well as the nature of the published content and its impact on shaping public opinion. The article considers the context of the rapid growth of Internet penetration in the country, which reached about 38.4% of the population by 2024. At the same time, the youth audience between the ages of 18 and 34 is the main segment of users of digital platforms and a key driver of the development of social media. The analysis confirms that the dominant type of content in the Ivorian digital space is entertainment, including humorous videos, music and dance clips, as well as video blogs reflecting local cultural traditions and patriotic themes. Facebook Instagram and TikTok remain the most popular platforms, which perform multifaceted functions: from personal communication and commercial activity to platforms for cultural expression and strengthening national identity. Special attention is paid to the political role of social media, especially in the runup to the 2025 elections, where the activity around the hashtag #CIV2025 demonstrates the importance of digital platforms for political mobilization, the formation of electoral discourse and the involvement of various population groups in public discussions. At the same time, serious negative consequences have been identified due to the spread of disinformation, the increased effects of information bubbles and the growth of public polarization, which significantly reduces the quality of political dialogue and contributes to the consolidation of social stereotypes. The paper analyzes the key challenges of the digital space development in Côte d’Ivoire: low speed and uneven Internet coverage, high cost of devices, limited media literacy, as well as censorship and political pressure that create digital inequality and stimulate self-censorship processes. To overcome these barriers, the authors propose a comprehensive, multidimensional approach that includes educational programs on media literacy, investments in telecommunications infrastructure, the development of alternative information technologies and takes into account the cultural context of the country with the active involvement of local opinion leaders and communities. Thus, social networks in Côte d’Ivoire form a dynamic digital ecosystem that reflects and simultaneously influences socio-political processes. The study highlights the complex and ambivalent nature of their impact, pointing to the need for further in-depth study of the long-term effects of digitalization, as well as the development of strategies to minimize risks and maximize opportunities associated with the digital transformation of society.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the aggravation of spiritual and moral problems on a global scale. The author aims to identify the most acute problems, determine the geography of their spread and assess the degree of threat they pose to modern society. The  study identified  key challenges, including  the  loss  of  traditional values, the  crisis of the family institution, the growth of aggression in society, information disorientation, and the erosion of national identity. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach that combines system analysis, sociological research, cultural analysis, and analysis of modern public opinion data. Special attention is paid to the influence of the following factors on society’s value orientations: globalization processes, digital transformation, and social inequality. The results of the study demonstrate the need to develop comprehensive measures to preserve the spiritual balance of society and the formation of sustainable models of moral behavior in modern socio-cultural conditions.

Government projects play an important role in the socio-economic development of the country. The implementation of such projects is often carried out in conditions of high uncertainty and instability, especially during times of crisis. The presented work considers in detail the specifics of managing government projects in crisis situations. The purpose of the research is to identify key risk factors and develop a comprehensive model for effective management of such projects in adverse, crisis conditions. The article focuses on the issues of adapting design solutions to changing circumstances, increasing the sustainability of project implementation processes and minimizing risks in conditions of increased economic turbulence. When writing this article, the following research methods were used. Literature analysis — conducted a detailed review of scientific publications, monographs, articles and reports on the problems of government project management in crisis conditions. This made it possible to identify the main approaches, concepts and theoretical positions underlying modern research. Comparative analysis — the impact of various crisis situations on the implementation of government projects was compared, similarities and differences in their impact were identified. Modeling — a comprehensive model for assessing the sustainability and adaptability of projects in crisis situations has been created. This work is aimed at studying the specifics of managing government projects in crisis conditions, identifying typical difficulties and developing an effective management model for a government project in crisis conditions. The proposed model is focused on supporting informed management decision-making, ensuring sustainable project progress and achieving goals despite external difficulties and constraints. Its practical application will greatly help minimize the impact of emerging risks on the implementation of government projects and increase their sustainability regardless of external factors. Thus, this work has important applied significance for authorities and organizations involved in the implementation of large-scale government projects, offering a scientifically based concept of project management in crisis conditions, contributing to the achievement of set goals and solving priority tasks of the national economy and social sphere.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical overview of the subject field of research related to the concept of “ecosystem”, as well as to provide an analysis and differentiation of common types of ecosystems according to their main purposes and to identify their key characteristics. Based on the synthesis of an broad corpus of sources, the paper describes key elements and roles in ecosystems, explores their significance for functioning, and analyzes external factors that have a significant impact on ecosystem design. It highlights that ecosystem governance mechanisms include formal and informal networks, political and economic frameworks, and cultural and social environments. These components form the foundation of an ecosystem and influence its development and management. The conclusion highlights key factors that contribute to optimizing ecosystem development. These include a certain variety of elements in the ecosystem; dense networks to facilitate exchange and collaboration; an organizer that maintains services and supports stakeholder interaction; an effective regulatory framework; sufficient resources; supportive mindsets; and flexible governance.

The article emphasizes that in the era of globalization, especially at the stage of its multipolar formation, the philosophical thought of any country and any people will not be able to develop successfully if they limit themselves only to the problems of their country and their region. The author comes to the conclusion that the successful and fruitful development of the philosophical thought of Ferghana is possible only in close creative cooperation with scientists from other countries, primarily with thinkers from neighboring countries, research on their philosophy, including the works of philosophers of pre-revolutionary, Soviet and present-day Russia. The main forms of cooperation between Uzbek universities and universities of the Russian Federation contributing to the development of philosophical and scientific thought are considered. The article is also devoted to the study of the history and main problems of modern philosophical science in the Ferghana Valley of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It analyzes the process of education of philosophical schools in universities in the cities of the Ferghana valley, in which the cooperation of Uzbek philosophers with Russian universities played a major role, and also analyzes the main problems studied by the modern Ferghana philosophical school. The author identifies new philosophical problems put forward by talented young Ferghana philosophers, and discusses their original solutions.

The article commemorates the tenth anniversary of the death of Manlio Sgalambro (1924–2014), one of the most original and radical voices of contemporary Italian thought. Philosopher, poet, aphorist, and lyricist, Sgalambro developed a lucidly pessimistic and anti-conformist worldview that challenged both academic philosophy and social conventions. His collaboration with Franco Battiato gave birth to an extraordinary fusion of philosophical reflection and musical expression, where irony and metaphysical  tension  coexist. The  study highlights  Sgalambro’s  aristocratic conception of thought, his critique of egalitarian mediocrity, and his defense of intellectual freedom and individuality against the mass. It also explores the dialogue between Sgalambro’s nihilistic philosophy and Battiato’s esoteric vision, showing how their collaboration produced a rare form of cultural syncretism that brought together Nietzschean lucidity, Cioranian pessimism, and Gurdjieffian metaphysics. The author emphasizes the continuing relevance of Sgalambro’s ideas as a voice of dissent and lucidity in an age increasingly dominated by superficiality and moral conformism.

The article is devoted to the study of the political culture of young Russians through the prism of their participation in rotational campaigns, during which the concepts of “political culture”, “electoral processes”, “civic responsibility”, “collective opinion” are touched upon. The relevance of this research topic is reflected in the high degree of importance the status of a unit of the electorate, that is, a citizen who is able to express his own political will to relay individual requests and influence the political and socio-economic course of the country. The object is represented in the study of the phenomenon of political culture of young citizens of the Russian Federation, the subject area is the consideration of the act of participation in political events as a component of the determination of political culture. The goal is to identify the features of the political culture of Russians in a particular social category in terms of their participation in electoral processes and to emphasize the factors that exert pressure on the level of political activity and attitudes towards election cycles.cles. Among the tasks, the authors highlighted a review and subsequent analysis of conceptual definitions related to electoral processes, as well as political culture, the establishment of relationships and predictors of attitudes towards a culture of participation (such as trust in government institutions, the role of digital technologies, as well as historical and cultural features of Russian political socialization) and conducting a sociological survey to summarize electoral trends. among young citizens. The methodological core of the work is a political and cultural approach, the method used is a survey in the form of a questionnaire. Based on a survey conducted among students and high school students in Moscow (sample: 131 respondents), certain trends have been identified in the attitude of young people towards elections taking place at different levels. The results show that, despite the high level of declared willingness to participate in elections, a significant percentage of the culture of non-participation remains, associated with low awareness of political events within the country, the availability of candidates, the mechanisms of the state apparatus and distrust of political parties. The practical significance is interpreted through the possibility of using the data collected during the research and the recommendations formulated by various political and social actors in order to attract more citizens to participate in political events.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the state national policy of the Russian Empire in the context of the activities of a Russian-American company in the 19th century, with a special focus on management practices and the cultural and spiritual development of Russian America. Based on the analysis of the main provisions of the company’s Charter, which reflect the priorities of the state for the maintenance and dissemination of Russian cultural and spiritual values in the new territories, it is concluded that the Russian-American Company has made significant efforts to build harmonious national relations between different peoples. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of interaction with the indigenous population, issues of their protection, cultural integration, as well as spiritual and moral education. Aspects of the state policy towards Creole children, descendants of mixed marriages between company employees and representatives of indigenous peoples, are revealed. The role of education, support for Creole families, and the spread of Orthodox missionary activity in shaping the unique social environment of Russian America is emphasized. Based on archival documents and contemporary testimonies, examples of practical implementation of state policy are given: organization of schools, support for Creole families, vaccination, social protection and financial support. The article highlights the activities of missionaries, in particular, Innokenty Veniaminov, whose educational and pedagogical initiatives contributed to the integration of indigenous peoples and Creoles into the Russian cultural and spiritual tradition. The article highlights the specifics of regulating the legal status of the indigenous population involved in the activities of a Russian-American company, the mechanisms for protecting their interests, as well as the main directions of implementing Russian policy aimed at creating a stable and harmonious system of interethnic relations in a multinational society of Russian America. 

Terrorism in the modern world is not only a criminal phenomenon, but also a multifaceted socio-philosophical problem that affects the foundations of social structure, ethical principles and existential aspects of human existence. In the context of globalization, the rapid development of technology and the information revolution, terrorism is evolving, taking on new forms, such as cyberterrorism, which penetrates the digital infrastructure of society, enhancing its destructive potential. This phenomenon goes beyond the traditional concepts of violence, requiring a deep philosophical analysis of the nature of evil, free will, the boundaries of morality and the role of society in creating conditions that give rise to radicalism. Terrorism acts as a mirror of social contradictions, where fear, ideology and existential crisis are intertwined, forming challenges that cannot be overcome without philosophical reflection. The aim of the study is to reveal terrorism as a socio-philosophical  problem, analyze  its  social, ideological  and  technological  roots, assess  the  consequences for the social fabric and propose ways to counteract it based on ethical and philosophical principles. The research methods are based on the analysis of scientific literature, including the works by Russian authors. An interdisciplinary approach combining socio-philosophical analysis, ethical reflection and the study of modern forms of terrorism, such as cyberterrorism, in the context of global and local processes, including geopolitical conflicts, was applied. The results of the study reveal terrorism as a manifestation of existential crisis and social exclusion that destroys the social contract through fear and ideology. Cyberterrorism highlights the new challenges associated with digitalization, increasing geopolitical tensions. The consequences of terrorism include a culture of fear, ethical relativism, and the erosion of trust in society. Countering requires preventive ethics, education, and international cooperation. It is concluded that terrorism as asocio-philosophical problem reveals the fragility of human existence and social values, emphasizing the need to rethink humanism, freedom and ethical responsibility in the face of global challenges. The integration of philosophical ideas into social practice, including the prevention of radicalism through education, cross-cultural dialogue and the elimination of social inequalities, can eliminate the ground for violence.

The article is a review of scientific publications devoted to the study of project activity in the context of pedagogical practice. The relevance of the research is determined by the growing need for a detailed analysis and systematization of the accumulated experience of applying the project method in the process of teaching foreign languages, which is especially important in the conditions of digitalization of education and globalization. The paper presents an in-depth excursus of the formation of the methodology of project-based learning, starting from its inception and ending with modern development trends. The essence of project activity, its theoretical foundations and practical implementation in the educational process are discussed in detail. Special attention is paid to analyzing the advantages of group work and project methodology in comparison with traditional approaches to teaching. The author provides a comprehensive analysis of the features of project-based learning, identifies the key factors of successful integration of the project method into the educational process, systematizes the stages of preparation for its implementation. The article presents the classification of the typology of project methods and details the transformational role of the teacher in the context of project-based learning. Based on the analysis of practical experience of using the project method in the educational environment, its significance and relevance in modern conditions are demonstrated. The study is supported by practical examples of successful implementation of project technologies in foreign language classes. The paper makes conclusions about the significant pedagogical potential of project activity, its high efficiency and prospects in the context of modernization of the educational process. The expediency of integration of the project method with traditional approaches to teaching to achieve optimal educational results is proved.

The article examines the phenomenon of unequal (morganatic) marriages in the Romanov dynasty, considered as a form of social deviation, which, despite its legal recognition, contradicted the established dynastic traditions of the Russian Empire. The relevance of the work is due to the insufficient study of the influence of morganatic marriages on intra–dynastic relations, the political stability of the monarchy and the perception of the imperial family in society, especially in the context of the crisis phenomena of the late 19th — early 20th  century. In the scientific literature, this problem was mainly considered either in a biographical way or from the point of view of legal aspects, while a comprehensive analysis of the social consequences of such unions remained outside the field of view of researchers. The purpose of the article is to identify the historical causes of the institution of unequal marriage in Russia, to determine its significance in the dynastic politics of the House of Romanov and to analyze the social consequences of such unions for intra-dynastic relations and public perception of the imperial family. The methodological basis of the research includes a historical and genealogical analysis of marriage unions of members of the imperial house, a comparative legal method that allows assessing the evolution of legislation on unequal marriages, as well as a socio-cultural approach that allows identifying changes in the perception of such unions by Russian society. The source base includes legislative acts of the Russian Empire, diary entries, correspondence of representatives of the dynasty, as well as memoirs of contemporaries. The results of the study show that in the Russian Empire, the institution of dynastic marriage was established in the era of Peter the Great and was an important tool of foreign policy strategy, while unequal (morganatic) unions that appeared in the 19th century were initially perceived as an exception, but by the end of the century they had become widespread. Analyzing the dynamics of these processes, the author comes to the conclusion that the increase in the number of unequal marriages in the late 19th and early 20th centuries indicates the disintegration of the traditional model of dynastic marriage, which, in turn, reflected a deep ideological and social crisis within the imperial family. The conclusions of the study make it possible to clarify the nature of crisis phenomena in the Russian Empire on the eve of revolutionary upheavals, complementing the existing concepts of domestic political and ideological decline. The data obtained during the analysis confirm the hypothesis that unequal marriages became a marker of changes in the social identity of the Romanovs, which reduced their legitimacy in the eyes of society.