The article analyzes current personnel problems in the electronics industry, as well as the ways of interaction between enterprises operating in the electronics industry and educational institutions in order to solve the problem of shortage of highly qualified employees. The issue of personnel shortage is very relevant and requires timely implementation of measures for the most effective stabilization of the situation in the labor market. The article emphasizes the need of the labor market for scientists, research fellows, engineers, as well as IT specialists. The empirical base of the monitoring sociological study was an expert survey with representatives of leading Russian companies in the electronics industry conducted within the framework of the International Exhibition and Forum “Electronics of Russia” in November 2024, the results of which are presented in the article. The result of the scientific work was the identification of the interaction of companies operating in the electronics industry with educational institutions (universities and secondary vocational schools) as a key element of the companies’ HR strategy. Cooperation should be carried out in the formats of organizing practice, targeted training programs and participation of representatives of organizations in Career Days. The paper notes the influence of general economic and general social trends (the outflow of specialists abroad and to more attractive industries) specific features of the industry (insufficient level of wages), as well as shortcomings of the education system (lack of experience and practical skills of young specialists, insufficient number of educational institutions training personnel for the industry), which are characteristic of the Russian labor market in recent years, on the problem of personnel shortage. 

In a technologically advanced world, professional identity formation and career planning are the tasks of student age. Previous studies have established that non-adaptive processes of professional identity formation and career planning during student age motivate students to leave university, but little is known about indicators of the professional identity associated with career calling, and the meanings of professional life among students. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the discriminant validity of the adapted professional identity assessment scale (U-MICS) in relation to indicators of career self-determination (vocation) and meaningfulness of professional life on a Russian student sample (n = 102). The survey method was used in the study of measure indicators of professional identity (in depth study, commitment, reconsideration), life-meaning in professional activity (goals, process, effectiveness, locus of control) and career vocation (career (vocational) identity, career development barriers, need for information). The Students t-test and Pearson’s r-coefficient statistics were used to process and analyze the data. The study proved that differences in professional identity indicators associated with the direction of educational and professional activity and the status of professional identity (achievement or searching moratorium) are expressed and substantiated: the achievement of professional identity is related to a possible career based on a reflexive analysis of barriers to career development and meaningfulness of professional activity among students, characterizes the adaptive path of professional development. On the contrary, the crisis path of professional development is associated with a revision of professional identity (identity moratorium), naivety in assessing career growth opportunities, rumination about vocation, precarity. An approach based on understanding how professional identity is related to student’s ideas about a future career is relevant in the development of professional education programs. The research materials demonstrating the discriminant validity of the U-MICS methodology can be used in cross cultural comparisons of personality development characteristics among students.

This article used statistics on a number of factors to determine the reality of pre-university education in the State of Qatar and the path of educational development in the foreseeable future. This study analysed the data using descriptive and statistical approaches. The five most essential parameters included in this study were the number of students, schools, classes, teachers employed in all schools, and the amount of state expenditure on education as a percentage of the product’s gross national income. The results of the study showed the following: From 2009 to 2022, the number of students in schools, the number of schools and classes, and the number of teachers working in schools increased, while the percentage of education expenditure in total government revenue decreased from 2009 to 2015, from 2016 to 2022, the percentage of education expenditure in total government revenue remained relatively constant at 9%. This study showed the need to intensify efforts to integrate advanced modern technologies into the educational process in all public educational institutions in the State of Qatar.

In this article, the author examines the issues of strategic planning of national development in the socio-philosophical discourse of cultural transformations. The essence of the specifics of national strategic planning is the semantic distinction between strategy and tactics, strategic and tactical objectives, as well as the distinction between goals and means necessary to comprehend any rational action. The article raises issues such as forecasting social and political processes, futurological approaches to forecasting and making forecasts based on a civilizational approach. In particular, the author cites in a comparative way the works of American and Russian philosophers and political scientists, who gave forecasts of national development and laid the basis for strategic planning precisely cultural and civilizational foundations. The article concludes that strategic planning at the state level is impossible without the ability to predict and model the development of the entire world, all its regions and major interregional associations. This is especially true in the context of the active formation of a global world order, which can hardly be called order, but social, political, economic and demographic dynamics are not controlled by chaos either. There is an active transition from a unipolar world to a multipolar one. It is noted that the lack of a theoretical framework adequate to the tasks of explaining what is happening and predicting the future is more acute than ever, although the active actions of world players indicate their desire to interfere in the established order and manage the changes taking place. Another important conclusion that the author makes in this article is that the paradigm of sustainable development is being replaced by a new paradigm, in which the concept of a big challenge plays a key role. This concept was born within the framework of historical and cultural science, but its subsequent evolution shows the powerful convergent potential of this concept and the conceptual framework based on it. The paradigm of big challenges turns out to be necessary to explain and predict events in the field of politics and economics, nation-building and ensuring national security. This paradigm of great challenges is still in the stage of conceptual elaboration, as well as in identifying and describing its philosophical foundations.

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of cluster analysis methods used to assess the tourist attractiveness of territories. The relevance of the study is due to the growing role of the tourism industry in regional development and the need to improve the methods for assessing the competitiveness of tourist clusters. Modern approaches to the analysis of the tourist attractiveness of territories are diverse, but their effectiveness and versatility remain a subject of debate. In this regard, it is important to identify the most relevant methods and determine the possibilities of their integration into complex assessment systems. The purpose of the study is to determine the strengths and weaknesses of various cluster analysis methods, identify the most effective approaches to assessing tourist attractiveness, and develop recommendations for creating an integrated methodology that combines the best elements of existing approaches. The research methodology is based on analytical and comparative approaches, including an analysis of existing methods, their classification, and the identification of patterns in the assessment of tourist territories. The work uses methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative and classification methods, as well as a case study method to determine the most successful solutions.

The digitalization of political processes creates new risks that can affect both the stability of political institutions and governance, as well as citizens and public opinion.The Internet has become a huge repository of various data, including personal information of millions of users. Unfortunately, such information saturation turns into a serious problem: regular leaks of personal data make citizens an easy target for manipulation, threatening their digital and real security. Cyber threats aimed at political institutions can lead to manipulation of election results, unauthorized access to confidential information and the undermining of public trust in democratic processes. The article reveals approaches to the study of risks in the field of digital policy, analyzes risk typologies, provides an overview of the main digital risks and threats, among which cyber attacks, unauthorized access to data, fake news and disinformation dominate. The relationship between the types of risks in general, digital risks in particular, examples of risks, possible negative political consequences are formulated, namely undermining the integrity of the electoral system, eroding democracy, compromising state institutions and increasing diplomatic tensions. Governments and companies need to maintain a continuous process of monitoring and implementing new practices and technologies to minimize digital risks, and citizens need to be more responsible when working with personal data. The subject of further discussions in this area may be a study of public opinion on the issue of trust in government agencies in the context of digitalization of social, economic and political processes.

In the article, the authors consider the Telegram messenger as a platform for the distribution of news content. The explosive growth of Telegram as a communication and news platform occurred in 2022 due to drastic changes in world discourse, which is why the topic has been little studied from a scientific point of view. Due to its efficiency, conciseness and interactivity, new Telegram media successfully compete with traditional media, creating in-demand exclusive content. Through content analysis and discourse analysis, the authors have identified strategies for creating and distributing news content from the largest Telegram channels in the News and Media category. The choice of channels is due to the fact that in 2023 they entered the top 3 Telegram news channels by citation in the Russian media. The results of the study showed that new news media in the messenger have their own characteristics, and their work can be separated into a separate modern direction — Telegram journalism. Since messenger is a rapidly growing platform, future platform tools will allow for more active development of journalism in Telegram. The article highlights strategies that make it possible to win competition in the struggle for the reader from traditional media, which include: the promptness of presenting news content; elaboration of author’s exclusive topics and the current agenda; visual accompaniment of information messages; active use of the audience as sources of information. The result of the research was a scheme for creating news content in the messenger, which can be used as a content distribution algorithm.

This article analyzes the dialectics of the genesis of existentialism. A conceptual analysis of the works of A. Schopenhauer, F. Nietzsche, S. Kierkegaard, F. Dostoevsky is carried out as the precursors of existentialism, which prepared the theoretical prerequisites of existentialism. The study puts forward the idea that existentialism as an integral philosophical teaching was formed from the synthesis of independent, but reflecting separate and essential aspects of human existence, the concepts of M. Heidegger, K. Jaspers, J.-P. Sartre and A. Camus. Each of the mentioned authors is one of the founders of this philosophical doctrine and trend, but he created only a separate component of existentialism. The authors of the article prove the idea that only the central concepts and concepts of the works of Heidegger, Jaspers, Sartre and Camus form an integral categorical framework of existentialism in logical interrelation and complementarity. The specific forms of the genesis and manifestation of the individual’s existence and the process of development of existentialism are revealed in both Western and Eastern fiction, which indicates the close relationship of the basic concepts and principles of existentialism with ethical, aesthetic problems and aspects of philosophical anthropology. In conclusion, the thesis is expressed that in the context of the formation of a multipolar world order, the relevance of further development of specific manifestations of objective and subjective forms of existence and their dynamics increases.

The colonial legacy remains one of the significant factors of the aggravation of contradictions and escalation of conflicts in world politics . However, the case of China shows that historically established political, economic, cultural and other features of the former possessions of Western empires can be used to achieve their current goals on the global stage . An example of this is the Forum Macao — a dialogue platform, which, based on the past of Macao (Aomen) as a part of the Portuguese Empire, is currently used as a platform for strengthening cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking countries of the world, whose vast majority represents the Global South . Effectively using the ties between Macao and Portuguese-speaking area which developed during the colonial period, China proposes its Forum Macao as one of a number of platforms that reflect China’s own formats of multilateral international cooperation, which can form the basis of the emerging world order . The Belt and Road initiative plays a fundamental role in this work, which growth is essentially dependent on the institutionalization of such initiatives . And in the context of such an external background, internal integration in the region of the Pearl River Delta, which includes Guangdong Province, special administrative regions of Macao and Hong Kong, is getting a stimulating factor for the further development of the Forum Macao . As a result, conducting this analysis within the framework of a systematic approach and applying the historical genetic method, it has been identifies that, meeting the goals of the PRC’s foreign policy aspirations, the dialogue platform in the form of the Forum Macao receives incentives for a phased transformation into a full-fledged international organization.

The establishment by the Taliban* of de facto control over the territory of Afghanistan in 2021 after the withdrawal of U.S. troops determines the relevance of the study on the foreign policy of the country, on which a number of regional and continental projects depend, guarantees of security of the strategically important for the Russian Federation region of Central Asia. The prerequisites for the formation of national interests of Afghanistan and the Russian Federation, their declared priorities and implementation in the framework of foreign policy are considered. The study is based on a dialectical approach. The research used systematic, institutional approaches and statistical methods, methods of content analysis, qualitative analysis of thematic publications, methods of historical research of factors and conditions of implementation of foreign policy of states. Official documents reflecting the composition of national interests, statements of political elites, publications in periodicals, data of national accounts systems and international organizations were used as sources of information. The results obtained indecate similarities and differences in the composition of priorities of foreign policy of the Russian Federation and Afghanistan in the XXI century, the desire for sovereignty as the basic trend of the policy pursued by the countries. It is shown that for both countries the pursuit of sovereignty in foreign policy is associated with the aggravation of confrontation with the United States and its partner countries in military-political and economic alliances. The article illustrates the differences in the state of sovereignty guarantees between Russian and Afghan foreign policy. The author presents arguments in favor of the irreversibility of appealing to regional and global centers of power in the foreign policy of both countries in order to increase their legitimacy, strengthen their resource potential and, ultimately, conduct an independent domestic and foreign policy. Further research on the selected issues is mainly determined by the accumulation of empirical data on the Taliban’s foreign policy and the formal declaration of its goals.

* It is recognized as a terrorist organization in the Russian Federation.

The modern world is constantly in a state of information warfare, which makes the study of the phenomenon of information warfare extremely relevant. The purpose of the article is to analyze the evolution of the concept of information warfare in the regulatory legal acts of Russia, United States and NATO. The work uses methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, comparison, as well as historical and political analysis, which are used to compare documents reflecting the gradual change in approaches to information warfare in various legal systems. The paper presents the evolution of normative legal acts and doctrinal documents on the subject of information warfare, identifies their substantive features, similarities and differences, and classifies them. Special attention is paid to the legal definitions of the concepts of “information warfare”, “information operations”, “psychological operations”, “cyber operations”, “cognitive warfare” in the context of national security strategies and military doctrines of these policy actors. It is concluded that there are conceptual differences in the legal definition of the phenomenon of information warfare: in the Western tradition, information operations have been widely reflected in legal documents for a long time, — since the middle of the 20th century, due to the advent of nuclear weapons and the increasing role of non-kinetic means of defeating the enemy, they were considered instrumentally and mainly in the form of psychological operations, but later, as a result of technological and social changes, they received an expanded interpretation, including aspects of cyber operations and cognitive warfare, and currently represent an integral element of hybrid warfares that take place not only in wartime, but also in peacetime, whereas in Russian legislation there is no term of information warfare,— it can only be derived indirectly, and the documents themselves emphasize the protective function and sovereign component of the information space based on traditional values. As part of the research, three tables have been created to visually present the key similarities, differences, and evolution of the concept of information warfare in the regulatory legal acts of United States, NATO, and Russia. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that it contributes to understanding the dynamics of the evolution of the concept of information warfare in various legal systems and may be useful to specialists in the field of international law, researchers of information warfare and other interested parties.

The relevance of the article is due to the need to establish harmonious interpersonal relations within the context of teaching practice and to develop effective strategies for interaction with students based on the concept of a social type of person. The publication examines the concept that defines four behavioral styles that reflect the behavioral characteristics of individuals, the priorities of their actions in relation to achieving goals and establishing relationships. It is noted that it is necessary to use this information in the process of conducting English classes. The types of tasks that are more successfully performed by students representing a particular social type due to the peculiarities of their perception and analysis of the material, as well as the specifics of interaction with others, are given. It is concluded that the data obtained can be used to improve the effectiveness of the educational process.

The article presents the concept of “prompt engineering” as an important component of modern practice of interaction with artificial intelligence (AI) models, especially in educational and teaching and learning environments. A brief historical overview into the development of AI technologies and the gradual formation of the art of Prompt Engineering, the main goal of which is to obtain the most relevant and accurate response of an AI model through correctly written instructions, is proposed. Key concepts related to Prompt Engineering are formulated and its features are highlighted as a new interdisciplinary tool located at the intersection of linguistics, pedagogy, cognitive psychology and information technology. Special attention is paid to the process of creating effective prompts (queries), rules of their construction, common mistakes and techniques of their writing taking into account the goals of learners (users) and the nature of the task. The theoretical part is accompanied by detailed practical examples of using these techniques and their combinations in teaching a foreign language at non-language universities. The article describes a step-by-step algorithm that allows to adapt a large amount of educational material for the purposes of interim or final certification in the discipline “English for professional purposes”, including the generation of texts of different levels of lexical and grammatical complexity, mental maps and means of self-control. The article contains practical recommendations for organising independent work with AI models for students with different levels of language proficiency, motivation, chosen learning strategy and intellectual readiness for learning. It concludes with the results of the application of the described prompt-engineering techniques and analyses their potential impact on the quality of learning, achievement, engagement and development of learners’ linguistic independence.

The article examines the American lend-lease of the period of World War II as a financial instrument that ensured the national economic, geopolitical, military-strategic interests of the United States. Lend-Lease is also interpreted as a program of military-strategic supplies to the USSR on the terms of credits, loans, leases, payment with foreign exchange and gold reserves of the State return deliveries to the United States, the provision of services and information. The Lend-Lease program was used in relation to more than forty beneficiary countries, including the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. The routes for the delivery of lend-lease cargo to the territory of the USSR were studied from the point of view of logistics supply schemes; infrastructure and economic security; security; military-strategic importance; types of delivery, volumes and structure of goods. In terms of the volume and military-strategic importance of lend-lease cargo transportation in the USSR in 1942–1945, the most effective was the Far Eastern route and the ALSIB air route. A significant contribution to the provision of the rear and front was made by the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky seaport. Based on documentary sources from the funds of the State Archive of the Kamchatka Territory, the modernization of the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky sea fishing port, carried out under the Lend-Lease program, is being investigated. The structure of cargo transit from the USA to the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky seaport has been identified and systematized. For the study of the unique system of the aviation chain of Kamchatka military airfields, documents of the State Archive of the Kamchatka Region, the 865th Fighter Regiment, stationed during the Great Patriotic War on the Kamchatka Peninsula and further to Kazan, from where the planes were already arriving at the front. The question of the significant role of the USSR in the post-war reconstruction and development of the countries of people’s democracy was raised, assistance was provided in the payment of their debt obligations under Lend-Lease.

Funeral rituals are an integral part of the cultural system of any nation, reflecting its worldview, beliefs and traditions. Special attention should be paid to the funeral culture of China, which is distinguished by its richness of symbolism and depth of philosophical content. The study of this topic allows not only to understand the specifics of the Chinese attitude to death, but also to reveal important aspects of national psychology and cultural identity. The relevance of the research is due to the growing importance of intercultural dialogue between Russia and China, where understanding traditional cultural practices plays a key role in building effective international relations. At the same time, this topic is not fully covered in the Russian scientific literature, which creates a certain gap in the study of the Chinese cultural tradition. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of Chinese funeral rituals, their symbolic content and cultural significance. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to study the classical historical literature of China on the subject of funeral rituals; to describe the features of the ritual of saying goodbye to the deceased; to analyze the nature and meaning of traditional symbols; to reveal the cultural and psychological aspects of funeral rituals. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the fact that Chinese funeral rituals are considered not only as a set of rituals, but also as a system reflecting the deep features of the national mentality. Special attention is paid to the fact that in Chinese culture, even such a tragic event as death is filled with a life-affirming meaning, which is reflected in the names of objects and rituals associated with funerals. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the results of the research can be used to deepen mutual understanding between representatives of different cultures, which is especially important in the context of the development of Russian-Chinese relations. Understanding traditional cultural practices helps overcome cultural barriers and promotes effective intercultural dialogue.