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Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University

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Vol 8, No 2 (2018)

РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ И РЕФОРМЫ

6-11 382
Abstract
The article discusses the role of the ruling elite in the fate of the country. The article reveals the reasons why the ruling elite was unable to ensure the progressive development of Russia and prevent the revolution in February and October 1917. The author summarizes the lessons that the Russian ruling elite can learn from the 1917 revolutions to carry out the necessary reforms in the country. The ruling elite faces the task of modernizing Russia at the present stage.
12-16 387
Abstract
Appeal to the works of Alexis de Tocqueville’s seems relevant, as today the problem of the relationship between revolutionary and evolutionary development of society is on the agenda in many regions of the world. The contradictions within societies cause of the protest action, which under certain conditions can develop into revolutionary events. The purpose of this article is to analyze the views of the French political philosopher and politician of the XIX century and the definition of his contribution to the development of the theory of revolution. A careful reading of the text of his book “The Old Regime and the Revolution”, as well as works by French and Russian authors on the French revolution helps to reconstruct the process of maturation of the revolution in the bowels of French society. The study revealed the original ideas of the French author that became the basis of the established view on the French revolution and recent interpretations of the described process in the works of other authors. The findings, are in line with modern ideas about the significance of the French revolution put the question about the importance of the contribution of A. de Tocqueville in the development of theoretical bases of studying the phenomenon of revolution. The above study is outline for more basic research development of theoretical studies of the revolutionary process and the role of the writings of such political thinkers as A. de Tocqueville, as well as to their understanding.
17-24 418
Abstract
The author analyzes the experiences and lessons of economic reforms in 60-80-ies. The author was an active participant in the development of the Kosygin reforms which started in 1965 in the Soviet Union. The author makes suggestions for economic reform in the modern period.
25-30 437
Abstract
The influence of socialist ideology on the essence of social policy in the USSR & Post-Soviet Russia is described. The main reforms in the social sphere are analyzed from the viewpoint of political economy & welfare state concepts. The studies of European welfare states show that wide presence of left parties in parliaments & governments cause the increase of budget social expenses & the establishment of social programs. However, in spite of the fact that socialist ideology was official in the USSR, the percentage of social expenses was similar to liberal welfare states. The paternalistic approach, demand of loyalty to the official regime & state monopoly on social programs were characteristic of Soviet ‘authoritarian welfare state’. That paternalistic ideology was mixed with some liberal reforms in Post-Soviet Russia, however the transforming ideological ‘contract’ between the people & the authorities with the symbolic change of social services provided by the state to the political loyalty of the citizens remain present.
31-36 291
Abstract
The article deals with the main reasons for the political ambivalence of the national elite and the influence of the political behavior of the elite, primarily the top officials of public administration, on the dynamic stability of the political regime. The necessity of educating leaders, the national political elite is grounded. The ideological bipolar world has disappeared. The project of implementation of the theory of convergence and equitable integration of post-Soviet Russia into a unipolar world ends without visible success. The design of a multipolar world order is beginning. A significant part of the post-Soviet Russian elite has developed an ambivalent perception of State institutions and corresponding formats of behavior. The object of study, influence, motivation is the potential of the elite, which plays a decisive role in changing the staff of public administration (the main goal of any revolution). It is shown that the orientation of the national elite is the goal of geo-economic and geopolitical competition in the modern confrontation for the transformation of international relations on the just principles of a multipolar world through evolutionary rather than revolutionary.
37-50 282
Abstract
The authors of the paper materials held in 2017 sociological studies analyze the perception of the population of Russian cities quality of medical care provided in the health system of the country. The emphasis is on the study of subjective estimates of the population of the Russian cities the quality of medical care provided, since, according to the authors, often-published objective data on the state of healthcare in the regions of the country do not accurately reflect the real state of the quality of medical care. The authors of the article proposes measures of legal regulation required for providing the population with affordable and quality health care in the Russian health with ensuring the responsiveness of the system to the expectations of the population.
51-53 372
Abstract
The article presents a retrospective and comparative analysis of the social resources and social capital the revolution of 1917 and the present time. The work purpose - to reveal and describe the relationship of social change in socialist and modern Russia. The objective of this article is an analysis of what happened to social capital in Russia and Russia in the period from 1917 to 2017. Revealed that the Patriotic tradition of the discontinuity of the historical and socio-cultural development complicates the processes of socialization of generations of Russians. It proves the objective necessity of integration of social resources and capital in strategic plans of Russia’s development.

STARTUP OF THE YOUNG SCIENTIST

54-59 618
Abstract
The article reviews the current relationship between Russia and Spain in the sphere of politics and economy. The modern political and economic relations between Russia and Spain have resulted largely from the general European trends, but at the same time they are distinguished by the desire to build closer partnership. The trade relations between Russia and Spain are quite strong. Now the two countries are returning the pre-crisis levels. The author provides the volume of trade and the economic cooperation in different spheres data and analyzes the existing strategies of trade flows preserving after the imposition of sanctions. In the politics it is also important for Spain to prioritize. The future of the relations between Russia and Spain are based on the ability to accommodate the interest of both countries and to maintain political dialogue. The historical parallels and the absence of major political incidents between Russia and Spain contribute to the bilateral cooperation between them. Spain is one of those EU countries that have positive attitude towards Russia and want to build and maintain dialogue. Also Spain supports simplification of visa regulations between Russia and the EU. The author considers the future of Russia-Spain relations to be positive and having tendencies for trade flows and number of Spanish businesses increase and the consolidation of diplomatic relations.
60-64 737
Abstract
Socio-economic inequality is inherent to any society. On the one hand, it opens up opportunities for competition and progress, on the other hand, it creates tension and hostility between less successful individuals towards more successful. One of the first people to talk about stratification and social mobility that exist in society, was a Russian scholar Pitirim Sorokin. He introduced to the science such concepts as “social ladder” and “social lifting”. As a result of this mechanisms, the individual can raise or lower his status. However, the new position of the individual is not always approved and accepted by society. People, for the most part, accept and respect the high status acquired by a person only when it was earned by long and hard work. The fast and rapid ascent of a person is accompanied by suspicion and contempt by the great part of society. The article presents an analysis of the necessity to distinguish the concepts of “social ladder” and “social lifting”. The way up the “social ladder” is long and thorny, but welcome and respected by society. At the same time, as a social lifting is able to raise a man to the Olympus quickly, however, this bright ascent is associated by many of us with an unfair and undeserved ways to achieve the goal. The article reveals the reasons of such perception of social mobility terms by the majority of the Russian population, also the criteria of separation of the concepts of “social ladder” and “social lifting” is identified in this work.
65-71 365
Abstract
Modern political crisis in Ukraine and possible ways out of it attract attention of Ukraine`s neighbors and the whole international community. However, today`s situation cannot be analyzed without referring to the history of Ukraine`s national identity idea formation. A national idea plays the main role in the process of the development of the nation. According to this fact, that is essential to realize which national idea is used by Ukrainian political elite today to consolidate the whole nation. The main historical stages of Ukrainians` national self-consciousness formation are described in the article. It is also analyzed how naturally the idea of “victimhood” was formed in Ukrainian society. The process of its establishment took several centuries (circa since the beginning of XVII century) and experienced a number of stages on its way to what we can witness now. Today the idea of “victimhood” is often presented as Ukrainian national idea by most of Ukrainian politicians.

INTERNATIONAL POLITICS

72-79 434
Abstract
The understanding of Russia to develop the eastern area and to carry out Asia-Pacific cooperation has changed distinctly after the Ukrainian crisis. It no longer looks at the Asian-Pacific region from the previous perspective of the East and West balanced development and the Eurasian balanced diplomacy, whereas it regards cooperation with the Asia-Pacific countries as an important support for itself to get rid of the economic crisis and diplomatic isolation, and realize modernization, and as a battleground to pursuit the great national aspirations. Arms sales and energy are two important levers for Russia’s involvement in the Asian-Pacific region. Actively deepening the relations with China is a key element of Russia’s Asia-Pacific strategy. However, Russia’s “Turn to the East” is not only for China. Cooperation and balance are two means for Russia to construct the Asia-Pacific diplomatic diversity. It is a controversial issue whether Russia’s foreign strategy, “Turn to the East”, is a passive act or an active behavior. In fact, Russia’s “integration” with Asian-Pacific area faces many problems and challenges.
80-85 363
Abstract
Local, regional identity is an important aspect of collective identity that can be potentially destructive or creative - to promote separatism and disintegration of the society, or to act as a factor of consolidation. In the context of globalization and the exacerbation of ethnic conflicts and clashes of identities, the regional identity becomes an important theme of the political analysis and practical problem of public administration. As a rule, separatism of regions based on regional cultural, linguistic and historical features and notions of regional superiority. Well-known examples of regional separatism are the Basque Country in Spain and Wallonia in Belgium, Northern regions of Italy. Depending on historical circumstances, regional consciousness in the hierarchy of identities recede into the background, wiping out by the feeling of belonging to a wider community at the state level as a whole, or on the contrary stoking the separatism and the desire to create independent state. With regional identity were forced to fight the unifiers of Italy and revolutionary France and many other national States, trying to construct a nation based on a broader, over regional united community. Today the conflict potential of regional identity is a possible cause of destabilization and disintegration of nation states.
86-91 402
Abstract
Recently, the Russian authorities demonstrate a significant increase in work in the field of preparation of state strategic planning documents. The updated normative legal acts not only correspond more to the changed Zeitgeist, they are also distinguished by greater clarity of formulations, brevity and structuredness. New Doctrines and strategies, frequently touch the information sphere of society’s life. In particular, the Doctrine of Information Security, the Information Society Development Strategy and others. In this regard, it becomes relevant to analyze approaches to the political science category “information policy”. During the existence of the Russian political science, scientists have formulated dozens of approaches to the category of information policy. This is particularly relevant with the active development of the information society, the emergence of new technologies that allow for instant messaging and their distribution to an unlimited number of recipients, as well as the evolution of information and communication technical methods that make it possible to manipulate public opinion in a wide range. The article considers the activity of using the category “information policy” in a twenty-year period, the main types of approaches to its research by Russian experts, as well as the most interesting, in the author’s opinion, examples of classification of approaches. Based on the results of the analysis, the author proposes a classification system for approaches and a methods of determining the formulation. The article is useful for researchers and practitioners in the field of information technology, law, media and other spheres of activities related to public information.
92-98 290
Abstract
The article gives an analysis of methods and means of combating antisocial phenomena in modern China. Corruption, corroding the communist party from within, has threatened its unity and the security of the country, so fighting it, according to the Secretary-General of the communist party of China Xi Jinping, has become one of the main tasks for the country. The leaders of China have developed certain measures to identify and punish the plunderers of state property, carriers of immoral qualities and, first of all, among government officials. The victims of this widely advertised campaign were not only small civil servants (“flies”), but also high-ranking leaders of the country (“tigers”). The article points out that after the XIX Congress of the CPC, the struggle against antisocial phenomena in the country has acquired a systemic character.


ISSN 2226-7867 (Print)
ISSN 2619-1482 (Online)