The article investigates the assessment of the human life «value» in case of emergency - natural ones, man-caused and others. There is no uniform methodology for evaluating human life that causes the difficulty in determining the damage done to the victims and their families in emergency situations. The article provides an overview of the Russian and international practice of compensatory payments as well as the assessment techniques of a statistical life in the world. The author’s method of determining just reparations to victims’ relatives, based on the average world dependencies between people’s satisfaction with their lives, life expectancy and the level of consumption.

The author explores the contribution of labour migration to the Russian economy. The analysis of the system of admission of foreign citizens to the Russian labour market is given. The extent of legal and illegal labour migration is reviewed. The author identified socio-economic causes and the employment of undocumented workers, the sectoral structure of employment of migrants in Russia, regional peculiarities of obtaining patents for migrants. Three methods for assessing the contribution of migrant workers in the Russian economy are presented.

The article analyzes the investment and savings of the population, dynamics, form and purpose of savings and forms of investment, investment instruments. The relevance of this sociological study is based on socio-economic problems of Russia, which does not allow our country to adequately develop in the conditions of global competition. And this is a weak level of investment activity, which affects the formation of the financial resource base of the investment process, describing consistently low indicator of efficiency of the financial system, which is unable to meet the needs of the national economy sustainable sources of funding. This leads to difficulties of formation of resource base of commercial banks, the increasing dependence of the domestic stock market from foreign capital, the lack of sustainable long-term sources of financing of the Russian economy. As a result of analysis of investment and savings activity of the population identified the major issues associated with a low level of this activity and proposes a number of solutions that will help improve the financial situation of the population and the economy of the state as a whole.

The article deals with social problems that the Russian healthcare system is facing today. We conducted a secondary analysis of sociological research on this issue. It is specially noted health financing problem. It is spoken in detail provision of medicines. The article gives a detailed analysis of commercialization of medical services. In addition, commercialization of health care services “pushes” free patients from the health sector. A separate issue is the social uncontrolled migration, potentially able to be a source of spread of many serious diseases.

Laboratory of the efficiency of state and municipal management of the South-Russian Institute of Management of the “Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, with the participation of the leading experts on various aspects of national security, representing 27 Russian institutions of higher education and research centers,undertook the study of the perception of respondents from fifteen regions of the Russian Federation, the concept of “national security”, trends, modelsand methods of its maintenance. The motives of anxiety in the public opinion in these regions were evaluated and the security assessment in specific areas were analyzed. Conclusions about the significance of the survey participants for specific areas of national security are formulated.

The paper dwells on the problems of the new professional area and its development in Russian Federation - representation of commercial interests in the government power (GR). The author discriminates between the fields of activity of the GR-business and the historically-based institutional sphere of Public Relations. PR is considered by the author basically as a resource for the support of the lobbying campaigns. The author dislikes the term «lobbying» as old-fashioned and laden with negative connotations. He proposes the term «representation of commercial interests» instead. The legal basis for the GR-activity provides the Constitution of the Russian Federation, considering that the representation of interests is the important foundation of the Constitutional System.Rumiantsev is well-known practioner and organizer in the considered field of activity. The paper provides the interesting assessments of the political history of Russia late in XX - early XXI century, and also the materials concerning the development of the GR-activity professional standard.

This article highlights the problem of the relations between Russia and Europe set by Russian philosopher N.Ya. Danilevsky in the context of the developed by him conception of cultural and historical types. There are presented the main arguments of the philosopher proving his idea that Russia and Europe belong to different cultural types, and also his conclusions that Russia can’t be a part of the European political system. The multiple historical examples confirm the rightness of Danilevsky’s conception of Russian foreign policy course as protecting above all the national interests. The article underlines the importance of Danilevsky as the founder of the cultural and historical method and his ideas at the present time.

Nature of conflicts in global world is in fact a collision of opposite interests and the purposes. Conflictness and negativity (as they are«troublemakers») are considered as a creative function of new communication. Conflict is put in center of international relations in classical geopolitics. At the end of the 20th century ethnonational and ethnoconfessional conflicts were widely adopted.Contradictory processes of globalization that take place in today’s society, aggravate problems which exist or generate new problems. Logical and philosophical analysis of two key concepts - «global challenges» and «global threats» - makes us understand they aren’t equivalent. Global challenges are general world problems that can be estimated as a consequence of new factors of world’s development breaking stability of normal functioning of mechanisms of reproduction of public life, intercivilization relations, international political and economic relations in borders of the contemporary world order. «Threat» is indicated specifically by means of demonstration of its source. Concrete military-political and economic global threats are terrorism, religious extremism, ethnic hostility, uncontrollable migration, illegal traffic in arms.

The article considers the utmost important values of the market economy in the context of evolutional, reproductional and humanistic aspects in the notions of the modern Russian researches. It would be thoroughly examined, that the present and the future of the socially-oriented market economy are based on the realization of the scientifically based practical measures to demonopolize economic relations and social control of the society relating to economy. Particular emphasis is placed on the issues of modeling and optimization of business processes, on the improvement of the mechanisms in the market economy in connection with its humanistic and ethical values, on the support of the close collaboration of the state with the largest private structures, on the overcoming the corruption forms of the «shadow» economic relation.