THE PROBLEM OF POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PRESENT-DAY SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN SPAIN

The article reviews the present-day educational system in Spain in the context of political socialization. The author considers political socialization as knowing of one’s place in the world and role in the society, the politics and the state which is being formed during all stages of education from the school to the final years in the university or college. The influence of education in the process of construction of identity as a subject of politics is significant if not primary. The main problems of school education in Spain are the descending level of knowledge, the high unemployment rate among school leavers, the increase of liberality in the system of education which leads to the decrease of the general knowledge rate and of the political and community commitment of the youth and to the unreasonable distribution of salaries. The system of high education in Spain has been looking for the optimal educational model after the country joined Bologna process. At the moment, it is being discussed which model is the most effective one: the 3+2 (3 years of bachelor degree course + 2 years of master’s program) or the 4+1. Another issue caused by Bologna process is the tendency to universalize educational process: educational models, curriculums, programs and textbooks. In case of STEM disciplines and foreign languages teaching it is possible to create a unified curriculum, but teaching of history and politology is closely connected to the historical and political context of the specific country. Educational tendencies deal with the highest possible integration of technological means into the educational process, sharing experiences and cooperation of educational institutions in different countries. In the new educational model, that is the learner who is in the forefront together with his abilities and objectives, which changes the priorities in the educational process attributing more importance to the individual approach. The education of the 21st century is aimed at forming a competitive professional and a politically active citizen.

system of education, Bologna process, Spain, school education, higher education, educational tendencies, political socialization

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