Artificial Intelligence and New Geopolitics: Digital Strategies of Russia, India and Brazil

This article explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence on the architecture of global geopolitics, where traditional great power rivalry is taking on a new technological dimension. The central focus of the analysis is the strategic competition between the United States and China, which is seen as a determining factor in shaping the future digital landscape. The author sequentially analyzes two dominant models of AI development: the American model, based on private initiative and venture capital funding, and the Chinese model, characterized by centralized state planning and targeted investments. Particular attention is given to the military dimension of this race, where AI is becoming a key element of “hard power”, giving rise to serious challenges to international stability, including the classic security dilemma. The key thesis of the paper is that the future of global AI governance is not limited to a bipolar model. The author demonstrates that major emerging markets — Russia, India, and Brazil — have significant potential to have a decisive impact on the trajectory of technological development. Based on a comparative analysis of their national strategies, unique starting conditions and competitive advantages, the author substantiates the possibility of forming a multipolar digital architecture. It emphasizes that these countries are not obligated to make a clear choice in favor of one of the opposing sides, but can instead develop their own, sovereign approaches to AI development that align with their national interests and cultural characteristics. The conclusion is that the active participation of players such as Russia, India and Brazil in the AI race contributes to a more diversified, equitable and sustainable world order. Instead of passively following the lead of tech giants, these countries are capable of initiating new international partnerships and alternative standards that take into account the interests of a broader range of global participants. Thus, the article contributes to the debate about the future of global technology governance, arguing for a transition from bipolar confrontation to multipolar cooperation in the digital age.

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