Dialectics of the Genesis and Structure of Existentialism

This article analyzes the dialectics of the genesis of existentialism . A conceptual analysis of the works of A . Schopenhauer, F . Nietzsche, S . Kierkegaard, F . Dostoevsky is carried out as the precursors of existentialism, which prepared the theoretical prerequisites of existentialism . The study puts forward the idea that existentialism as an integral philosophical teaching was formed from the synthesis of independent, but reflecting separate and essential aspects of human existence, the concepts of M . Heidegger, K . Jaspers, J .-P . Sartre and A . Camus . Each of the mentioned authors is one of the founders of this philosophical doctrine and trend, but he created only a separate component of existentialism . The authors of the article prove the idea that only the central concepts and concepts of the works of Heidegger, Jaspers, Sartre and Camus form an integral categorical framework of existentialism in logical interrelation and complementarity . The specific forms of the genesis and manifestation of the individual’s existence and the process of development of existentialism are revealed in both Western and Eastern fiction, which indicates the close relationship of the basic concepts and principles of existentialism with ethical, aesthetic problems and aspects of philosophical anthropology . In conclusion, the thesis is expressed that in the context of the formation of a multipolar world order, the relevance of further development of specific manifestations of objective and subjective forms of existence and their dynamics increases.

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