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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">humanities</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гуманитарные науки. Вестник Финансового университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-7867</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1482</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2226-7867-2024-14-3-53-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">humanities-957</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ НАУЧНОЕ ЗНАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FUNDAMENTAL SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Либерализм против неолиберализма:  социальный реванш «байденомики»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Liberalism Versus Neoliberalism: The Social Revanche of “Bidenomics”</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-2246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толкачев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolkachev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Александрович Толкачев —  доктор экономических наук, профессор кафедры экономической теории</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Tolkachev — D r. Sci. (Econ.), Prof. of the Department of Economic Theory</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">satolkachev@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Толкачев С.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Толкачев С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tolkachev S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://humanities.fa.ru/jour/article/view/957">https://humanities.fa.ru/jour/article/view/957</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются условия и причины расцвета и упадка неолиберальной экономической идеологии в США. Актуальность исследования обусловлена концептуальными проблемами обоснования и реализации экономической политики администрации президента США Дж. Байдена на фоне сохраняющегося инерционного потенциала неолиберальной идеологии. На основе историко-логического анализа доктринальных концепций выявлено, что обозначение совокупности неоконсервативных и либертарианских идей термином «неолиберализм» является неточным и дискуссионным. Популярность неолиберализма в начале 1980-х гг. обусловлена кризисом сложившихся в середине XX в. идей и практики настоящего прогрессивного либерализма кейнсианско-рузвельтианского толка. В работе анализируются экономические мемы либерализма, где основное внимание уделено «просачиванию сверху вниз». Экономическая политика Дж. Байдена — « байденомика» — о характеризована как настоящий возврат к идеям и практике американского прогрессивного либерализма. Показано, что налоговая политика администрации Байдена представляет собой существенный отход от неолиберальных принципов, также как и усиление нормативного регулирования экономики, активизация контактов с профсоюзами и полномасштабная промышленная политика, направленная на реиндустриализацию Америки, особенно в части высокотехнологичных отраслей. Альтернативная экономическая политика —  «трампономика» —  в своей основе также противостоит неолиберализму, несмотря на такие фрагментарные совпадения с последним, как дерегулирование и снижение налогов. Однако промышленная политика Трампа, в основном в виде таможенной защиты внутреннего рынка, оказалась более выгодной средне-, а не высокотехнологичным отраслям. Парадоксальный «трампо-байденовский консенсус» по вопросам промышленной политики и протекционизма с точки зрения неолибералов есть отход от единственно правильного «свободного рынка», но фактически является подтверждением абсурдности неолиберального наследия для решения актуальных задач современного экономического развития США.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article explores the conditions and origins of the rise and fall of neoliberal economic doctrine in the United States. Its relevance stems from the conceptual challenges of justifying and implementing the economic policies of the Biden administration in light of the continued influence of neoliberal thinking. Based on a historical and logical analysis of doctrinal principles, it is argued that the use of the term “neoliberalism” to describe a set of neo-conservative and libertarian ideas is inaccurate and contentious. The popularity of neoliberal doctrine in the early 1980s was driven by the crisis in the ideals and practices of progressive liberalism derived from the Keynes-Roosevelt era of the mid-20th century. The article examines the economic memes of liberalism, with a particular focus on the “trickle-down” economic policy approach. Biden’s economic policy, commonly referred to as “Bidenomics,” can be described as a return to the ideals and practices of progressive American liberalism. The tax policies of the Biden administration represent a significant deviation from neoliberal principles, with increased regulatory oversight of the economy and a focus on increased collaboration with trade unions. Additionally, the administration has implemented a full-fledged industrial policy aimed at reindustrializing America, particularly in high-technology sectors. Alternative economic policy — “ trumponomics” — is fundamentally opposed to neoliberalism despite some similarities with  the latter, such as deregulation and tax cuts. However, the industrial policy of the Trump administration, primarily in the form of protectionist measures to safeguard the domestic market for domestic industry, has proven to be more advantageous for medium-sized rather than high-tech companies. The apparent “Trump-Biden consensus” on industrial policy and protectionism, from the perspective of neoliberals, represents a departure from the “free market” ideal, but in reality it confirms the inadequacy of neoliberal policies for addressing the urgent challenges of contemporary economic development in the United States.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>либерализм</kwd><kwd>неолиберализм</kwd><kwd>неоконсерватизм</kwd><kwd>«байденомика»</kwd><kwd>«рейганомика»</kwd><kwd>промышленная политика</kwd><kwd>протекционизм</kwd><kwd>свобода торговли</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liberalism</kwd><kwd>neoliberalism</kwd><kwd>neoconservatism</kwd><kwd>“bidenomics”</kwd><kwd>“reaganomics”</kwd><kwd>industrial policy</kwd><kwd>protectionism</kwd><kwd>free trade</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена по результатам исследований, выполненных за счет бюджетных средств по государственному заданию Финуниверситету. Финансовый университет, Москва, Россия.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The paper was prepared on the research results carried out at the expense of budgetary funds within the framework of the government research assignment to the Financial University. Financial University, Moscow, Russia.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karma R. Reaganomics Is on Its Last Legs. URL: https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2024/05/tariffs-free-tradedead/678417/ (дата обращения: 02.07.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karma R. Reaganomics Is on Its Last Legs. URL: https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2024/05/tariffs-free-tradedead/678417/ (дата обращения: 02.07.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stiglitz J. 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