<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">humanities</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гуманитарные науки. Вестник Финансового университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-7867</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1482</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2226-7867-2022-12-3-74-80</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">humanities-687</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ НАУЧНОЕ ЗНАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FUNDAMENTAL SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Социальная политика государства в системе здравоохранения: возрождение модели Семашко</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Social Policy of the state in the healthcare system: the revival of the Semashko Model</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4997-7109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Короткова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korotkova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Николаевна Короткова — кандидат политических наук, доцент кафедры «Истории Отечества, истории медицины, политологии и социологии»</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya N. Korotkova — Cand. Sci. (Political Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Russian History, History of Medicine, Political and Social Sciences</p><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korotkova_mariya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е. А. Вагнера</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Wagner Perm State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Короткова М.Н., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Короткова М.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korotkova M.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://humanities.fa.ru/jour/article/view/687">https://humanities.fa.ru/jour/article/view/687</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность исследования обусловлена ростом позитивного интереса к модели Семашко в современной России со стороны медицинской и исторической частей научного сообщества, специалистов-медиков, населения России и государства. В работе использованы нормативно-правовые акты, суждения первых лиц государства, официальная статистика. Низвержение модели Семашко в ранней постсоветской России было обосновано либерально-рыночным подходом и эпидемиологическим транзитом. Однако появившийся общественный запрос на социально ориентированные модели, новая эпидемиологическая волна, а также перманентный дефицит финансов и кадров вынудили государство вновь обратиться к опыту модели Семашко. Новая эпидемиологическая волна поставила вопрос о возврате к централизации управления и финансирования и о реоптимизации ресурсов эпидемиологического профиля. В области управления официальные власти предложили ограничиться централизацией санитарно-эпидемиологической службы, в области финансирования — централизацией средств ОМС в бюджете ФОМС. Что касается эпидемиологической базы, то планируется ее расширение через строительство новых больниц, увеличение штата эпидемиологов и врачей-инфекционистов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of the study is due to the growing positive interest in the Semashko model in modern Russia from the “medical” and “historical” parts of the scientific community, medical specialists, the population of Russia and the state. The article uses general documents, speech by top public officials, official statistics. The overthrow of the Semashko model in early post-Soviet Russia was due to public demand for market-oriented models, epidemiological transit. However, new circumstances (a new public demand for socially oriented models, a new epidemiological wave, as well as a permanent shortage of personnel and underfunding) forced the state to turn again to the experience of the Semashko model. A new epidemiological wave has raised questions: on the return to the centralization of management and financing and on the re-optimization of epidemiological resources. The official authorities proposed to centralize the management of the sanitary and epidemiological service and the means of compulsory health insurance (CHI) in the budget of the Federal Health Insurance Fund. It is also planned to expand the epidemiological base through the construction of new hospitals, increase the staff of epidemiologists and infectious diseases doctors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социальная политика государства</kwd><kwd>модель Семашко</kwd><kwd>советская система здравоохранения</kwd><kwd>первичное звено</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>оптимизация</kwd><kwd>ординатура</kwd><kwd>сельская медицина</kwd><kwd>отраслевая оплата труда</kwd><kwd>централизация управления</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>social policy</kwd><kwd>Semashko model</kwd><kwd>Soviet healthcare system</kwd><kwd>primary health care</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>optimization</kwd><kwd>residency</kwd><kwd>rural medicine</kwd><kwd>sectoral remuneration</kwd><kwd>centralization of management</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тихомиров А. В. Отраслевая организация здравоохранения. Главный врач: хозяйство и право. 2010;(5):17– 25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artemenko D. A., Sokolov A. A. Transformation of public health in Russia: balance analysis. Finansy i kredit=Finance and Credit. 2017;(42):2498–2510. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.2489/fc.23.42.2498</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tragakes E., Lessof S. Health care systems in transition: Russian Federation. Copenhagen: European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies; 2003. 212 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tikhomirov A. V. Branch organization of healthcare. Glavnyi vrach: khozyaistvo i pravo = Chief Physician: Economy and law. 2010;(5):17–25. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рокмор Т. Маркс после марксизма: Философия Карла Маркса. Пер. с англ. М.: Канон-плюс; 2011. 400 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tragakes E., Lessof S. Health care systems in transition: Russian Federation. Copenhagen: European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies; 2003. 212 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артеменко Д. А., Соколов А. А. Трансформация общественного здравоохранения России: анализ сбалансированности. Финансы и кредит. 2017;(42):2498–2510. DOI: 10.2489/fc.23.42.2498</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rockmore T. Marx After Marxism. The Philosophy of Karl Marx. Oxford; Malden, MA; 2002. 224 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трефилова О. А. Николай Александрович Семашко — общественный деятель и организатор детского здравоохранения. История медицины. 2014;(3):65–72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trefilova O. A. Nikolai Semashko — social activist and health care organizer. Istoriya meditsiny = History of medicine. 2014;(3):65–72. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Короткова М. Н. Политика государства в сфере здравоохранения: проблема дефицита кадров. Политика и Общество. 2016;(7):1008–1017. DOI: 10.7256/1812–8696.2016.7.19626</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korotkova M. N. The state policy in the sphere of healthcare: the problem of staff shortage. Politika i Obshchestvo = Politics and Society. 2016;(7):1008–1017. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.7256/1812–8696.2016.7.19626</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соколов А. А. Анализ международной практики модернизации национальных систем здравоохранения. Научный Вестник Южного института менеджмента. 2017;(2):96–103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sokolov A. A. The analysis of international practice of modernization of national Health systems. Nauchnyi Vestnik Yuzhnogo instituta menedzhmenta=Scientific Bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management. 2017;(2):96–103. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арсентьев Е. В., Решетников В. А. К биографии Н. А. Семашко: деятельность первого наркома здраоохранения в 1920–1925 гг. История медицины. 2018;(3):217–229. DOI: 10.3897/hmj.5.3.32480</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arsentyev E. V., Reshetnikov V. A. To the biography of N. A. Semashko: on the work of the first People’s Commissar of Health in 1920–1925. Istoriya meditsiny = History of Medicine. 2018;(3):217–229. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.3897/hmj.5.3.32480</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сквирская Г. П., Волнухин А. В. Основные направления совершенствования деятельности в области общественного здоровья и управления здравоохранением в современных условиях в Российской Федерации. Современные проблемы здравоохранения и медицинской статистики. 2020;(2):348–366. DOI: 10.24411/2312–2935–2020–00051</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skvirskaya G. P., Volnuhin A. V. Basic directions of improving scientific, educational, and practical activities in the field of public health and health management in modern conditions in the Russian Federation. Sovremennye problemy zdravookhraneniya i meditsinskoi statistiki = Current problems of health care and medical statistics. 2020;(2):348–366. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/2312–2935–2020–00051</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popovich L., Potapchik E., Shishkin S., Richardson E., Vacroux A., and Mathivet B. Russian Federation: Health system review. Health Systems in Transition. 2011;13(7):1–190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popovich L., Potapchik E., Shishkin S., Richardson E., Vacroux A., and Mathivet B. Russian Federation: Health system review. Health Systems in Transition, 2011;13(7):1–190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sheiman I., Shishkin S., Shevsky V. The evolving Semashko model of primary health care: the case of the Russian Federation. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 2018;(11):209–220. DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S 168399</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheiman I., Shishkin S., Shevsky V. The evolving Semashko model of primary health care: the case of the Russian Federation. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 2018;(11):209–220. DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S 168399</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арсентьев Е. В., Решетников В.А. К биографии Н.А. Семашко. История медицины. 2017;4(4):447–460. DOI: 10.17720/2409–5583.t4.4.2017.09i</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arsentyev E.V., Reshetnikov V. A. To the biography of N. A. Semashko. Istoriya meditsiny = History of Medicine. 2017;4(4):447–460. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17720/2409–5583.t4.4.2017.09i</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куракова Н. Г., Сон И. М., Петров А. Н. Переход к модели персонализированной медицины: барьеры и возможные решения. Менеджер здравоохранения. 2017;(8):53–67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurakova N.G., Son I.M., Petrov A.N. The transition to a model of personalized medicine: barriers and possible solutions. Manager Zdravoochranenia = Health Care Manager. 2017;(8):53–67. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузенкова Н. Н. Выдержать конкуренцию и сохранить доступность медицинской помощи. Московская медицина. 2017;(5):20–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzenkova N. N. To withstand competition and maintain the availability of medical care. Moskovskaya meditsina = Moscow medicine. 2017;(5):20–22. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буранбаева Л. З., Якшимбетова Г. И. Социально-экономические приоритеты подушевого финансирования здравоохранения. Вестник БИСТ (Башкирского Института Социальных Технологий). 2017;(4):70–75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buranbaeva L. Z., Yakshimbetova G. I. Socio-economic priorities of per capita financing of healthcare. Vestnik BIST (Bashkirskogo Instituta Sotsial’nykh Tekhnologii) = Bulletin of BIST (Bashkir Institute of Social Technologies). 2017;(4):70–75. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sheiman I. Rocky road from the Semashko to a new health model. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;(91):320–321.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheiman I. Rocky road from the Semashko to a new health model. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;(91):320–321.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егорышева И. В. Роль Наркомздрава РСФСР в развитии сельского здравоохранения в 1920-е гг. Бюллетень национального научно-исследовательского института общественного здоровья им. Н. А. Семашко. 2017;(1):89–91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egorysheva I.V. The role of the Russian Federaion Health Care People’s Commissariat in the development of rural services in 1920–1929. Byulleten’ natsional’nogo nauchno-issledovatel’skogo instituta obshchestvennogo zdorov’ya im. N. A. Semashko = Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health. 2017;(1):89–91. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шишкин С. В., Шейман И. М., Потапчик Е. Г., Понкратова О. Ф. Анализ состояния страховой медицины в России и перспектив ее развития. М.: Высшая школа экономики; 2019. 100 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shishkin S.V., Sheiman I. M., Potapchik E. G., Ponkratova O. F. Analysis of the state of insurance medicine in Russia and prospects for its development. Moscow; 2019. 100 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Улумбекова Г.Э. Здравоохранение России. Что надо делать. Состояние и предложения: 2019–2024 гг. М.: Издательская группа «ГЭОТАР-Медиа»; 2019. 416 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulumbekova G. E. Healthcare of Russia: 2018–2024. What to Do? Moscow; 2019. 416 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стародубов В. И., Кадыров Ф. Н., Обухова О. В., Базарова И. Н., Ендовицкая Ю. В., Несветайло Н. Я. Влияние коронавируса COVID-19 на ситуацию в российском здравоохранении. URL: https://mednet.ru/images/materials/news/doklad_cniioiz_po_COVID-19–2020_04_26.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Starodubov V.I., Kadyrov F. N., Obukhova O.V., Bazarova I. N., Endovitskaya Yu.V., Nesvetailo N. Ya. The impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus on the situation in Russian healthcare. URL: https://mednet.ru/images/materials/news/doklad_cniioiz_po_COVID-19–2020_04_26.pdf. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
