<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">humanities</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гуманитарные науки. Вестник Финансового университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-7867</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1482</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2226-7867-2022-12-2-11-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">humanities-631</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМА НОМЕРА: МИРОВАЯ ПОЛИТИКА В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЙ ТУРБУЛЕНТНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COVER STORY: WORLD POLITICS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL TURBULENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этнофедерализм и политическая модернизация в Малайзии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ethno-Federalism and Political Modernization in Malaysia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-8089</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочетков</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochetkov</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат политических наук, доцент кафедры «История»</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Politology), Associate Professor of History</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kochetkov.work@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6753-8743</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томич</surname><given-names>В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tomić</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор экономических наук, доцент кафедры «Промышленная энергетика» факультета производства и менеджмента Требинье, </p><p>Сербская Республика, Босния и Герцеговина </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> D. Sc. (Economic sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Energy Engineering, Faculty of Production and Management Trebinje</p><p>The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vtomic2020@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2875-2947</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бестаева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bestaeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> кандидат политических наук, доцент департамента политологии</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Political Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Politology</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ELVBestaeva@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет транспорта</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Transport (MIIT)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Восточного Сараево</institution><country>Босния и Герцеговина</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of East Sarajevo</institution><country>Bosnia and Herzegovina</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кочетков Е.Е., Томич В., Бестаева Е.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кочетков Е.Е., Томич В., Бестаева Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kochetkov E.E., Tomić V., Bestaeva E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://humanities.fa.ru/jour/article/view/631">https://humanities.fa.ru/jour/article/view/631</self-uri><abstract><p>Предмет рассмотрения статьи — способность этнофедерализма эффективно отвечать на вызовы модернизации. Авторы обращаются к опыту Малайзии — одной из азиатских стран, сравнительно успешно практикующей принципы этнического федерализма в государственном управлении. Цель работы — выяснить возможности адаптации малайзийской модели этнического федерализма к изменяющимся условиям и интенсивности политических процессов. В статье показаны основные институциональные, исторические, этнополитические и социальные причины инерционного сопротивления нарастающим тенденциям к изменению сложившейся системы отношений между федеральным центром и регионами. Значительное внимание уделено коренной связи режимных характеристик с ограниченностью федералистских практик, устойчивостью межэтнических отношений и конфессиональным консенсусом. В конце статьи сделан вывод о том, что этнофедерализм в Малайзии стал фактором сохранения политической стабильности в стране и препятствием лавинообразному процессу либерализации внутренней политики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject of the article is the ability of ethno-federalism to effectively respond to the challenges of modernization. The authors refer to the case of Malaysia, one of the Asian countries that are relatively successful in practicing the principles of ethno-federalism in state administration. The scope of this work is to find out the adaptive capabilities of the Malaysian model of ethno-federalism to changing conditions and the intensity of political processes. We show the general institutional, historical, ethnopolitical, and social reasons for the inertial resistance to the growing tendencies to change the existing system of relations between the Federation center and the regions. We paid significant attention to the fundamental connection of the regime characteristics with the limitation of federalist practices, the stability of interethnic relations, and confessional consensus. We concluded that ethno-federalism in Malaysia has become a factor in maintaining political stability in the country and an obstacle to the avalanche-like process of liberalization of domestic policy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Малайзия</kwd><kwd>этнический федерализм</kwd><kwd>авторитаризм</kwd><kwd>доминирующая партия</kwd><kwd>политическая стабильность</kwd><kwd>политическая модернизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Malaysia</kwd><kwd>ethnic federalism</kwd><kwd>authoritarianism</kwd><kwd>dominant party</kwd><kwd>political stability</kwd><kwd>political modernization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мочалов А.Н. Конституционно-правовые инструменты управления этническим многообразием в многонациональных федерациях. Вестник Тюменского государственного университета. Социально-экономические и правовые исследования. 2018;4(3);136–151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mochalov A.N. Constitutional and legal instruments for managing ethnic diversity in multinational federations. Bulletin of the Tyumen State University. Socio-economic and legal research. 2018;4(3);136–151. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deiwiks C., Cederman L.-E., Gleditsch, K.S. Inequality and conflict in federations. Journal of Peace Research. 2012;49(2):289–304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deiwiks C., Cederman L.-E., Gleditsch, K.S. Inequality and conflict in federations. Journal of Peace Research. 2012;49(2):289–304.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burgess M. Comparative Federalism: Theory and Practice. L.: Routledge; 2006. 357 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burgess M. Comparative Federalism: Theory and Practice. London: Routledge; 2006. 357 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Празаускас А.А. Этнонационализм, многонациональное государство и процессы глобализации. Полис. 1997;(2):95–105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prazauskas A.A. Ethno-nationalism, multinational state and globalization processes. Polis. 1997;(2):95–105. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фарукшин М.Х. Институциональные основы этнических федераций. Полис. 2017;(2):103–117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farukshin M. Kh. Institutional bases of ethnic federations. Polis. 2017;(2):103–117. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horowitz D. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkley: University of California Press; 1985. 707 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horowitz D. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkley: University of California Press; 1985. 707 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гоптарева И.Б. Политический анализ концепции федерализма. Оренбург: Южный Урал; 2002. 240 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goptareva I. B. Political analysis of the concept of federalism. Orenburg: Southern Urals; 2002. 240 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riker W.H. Federalism: Origin, Operation, Significance. Boston; Toronto: Little, Brown and Company; 1964. 169 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riker W.H. Federalism: Origin, Operation, Significance. Boston; Toronto: Little, Brown and Company; 1964. 169 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лейпхарт А. Демократия в многосоставных обществах: сравнительное исследование. Пер. с англ. М.: Аспект Пресс; 1997. 287 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leiphart A. Democracy in multi-component societies: a comparative study. Transl. from English. Moscow: Aspect Press; 1997. 287 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crouch H. Government and Society in Malaysia. N.Y.: Cornell University Press; 1996. 266 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crouch H. Government and Society in Malaysia. N.Y.: Cornell University Press; 1996. 266 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранов А.В. Федерализм в исламском мире. Человек. Сообщество. Управление. 2004;(3–4):112–123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov A.V. Federalism in the Islamic World. Human. Community. Management. 2004;(3–4):112–123. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смоляков В.А., Захарова Т.И. Малайзия: политическая система и политический процесс в мультикультурном обществе. Социальные и гуманитарные науки на Дальнем Востоке. 2016;1(49):102–112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smolyakov V.A., Zakharova T.I. Malaysia: political system and political process in a multicultural society. Social and human sciences in the Far East. 2016;1(49):102–112. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ефимова Л.М. и др. Электоральные процессы в странах Юго-Восточной Азии в ХХI веке. М.: Институт востоковедения РАН; 2016. 316 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Efimova L.M. and others. Electoral processes in the countries of Southeast Asia in the XXI century. Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies RAS; 2016. 316 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ульянова И.В. О политическом влиянии китайской диаспоры в Малайзии. Общество и государство в Китае. 2016;46(1):371–376.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulyanova I.V. On the political influence of the Chinese diaspora in Malaysia. Society and State in China. 2016;46(1):371–376. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Родригес А.М., ред. Новейшая история стран Азии и Африки (ХХ век). В 3 ч. Ч. 2. М.: Владос; 2001. 320 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodriguez A.M., ed. Recent history of Asian and African countries (XX century). Part 2. Moscow: Vlados; 2001. 320 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Девятов Р.С. Роль государственной культурной политики в формировании единой нации (на примере Малайзии). Этносоциум и межнациональная культура. 2017;12 (114):152–162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Devyatov R.S. The role of state cultural policy in the formation of a single nation (on the example of Malaysia). Ethnosociety and international culture. 2017;12(114):152–162. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osman M., Nawab M., Rashaad A. Sarawak State Elections 2016: Revisiting Federalism in Malaysia. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs. 2017;36(1):29–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osman M., Nawab M., Rashaad A. Sarawak State Elections 2016: Revisiting Federalism in Malaysia. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs. 2017;36(1):29–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цуканов С.С. Современные нетипичные формы правления государством. Теория и практика общественного развития. 2016;(5):89–90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsukanov S. S. Modern atypical forms of state government. Theory and practice of social development. 2016;(5):89–90. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пушкарев С.В. О причинах возникновения нетипичных форм государственного правления. Современное право. 2011;(7):17–20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pushkarev S.V. On the causes of the emergence of atypical forms of government. Modern law. 2011;(7):17–20. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patapan H., Wanna J., Weller P.M. Westminster Legacies: Democracy and Responsible Government in Asia and the Pacific. Sydney: UNSW Press; 2005. 276 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patapan H., Wanna J., Weller P.M. Westminster Legacies: Democracy and Responsible Government in Asia and the Pacific. Sydney: UNSW Press; 2005. 276 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сморгунов Л.В. Современная сравнительная политология. М.: РОCСПЭН; 2002. 472 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smorgunov L.V. Modern Comparative Politics. Moscow: ROSSPEN; 2002. 472 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tilman R.O. The Centralization Theme in Malaysian Federal-State Relations, 1957–75. Institute for Southeast Asian Studies (Singapore), Occasional Paper. 1976;(39):6–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tilman R.O. The Centralization Theme in Malaysian Federal-State Relations, 1957–75. Institute for Southeast Asian Studies (Singapore), Occasional Paper. 1976;(39):6–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Case W. Semi-democracy and minimalist federalism in Malaysia. Federalism in Asia. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Case W. Semi-democracy and minimalist federalism in Malaysia. Federalism in Asia. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Порошин А.В. Роль доминантной партии в регулировании этнических конфликтов: пример Малайзии. Политическая Наука. 2016;(1):176–185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poroshin A.V. The role of the dominant party in the regulation of ethnic conflicts: the case of Malaysia. Political Science. 2016;(1):176–185. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tajudin A.A.A., Yusoff M.A. Intellectual Discourse. 2021;28(2):649–673.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tajudin A.A.A., Yusoff M.A. Intellectual Discourse. 2021;28(2):649–673.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chua E. H.B. Federalism and indigenous peoples in Sarawak: The Malaysian federal court’s judgments in Sandah (no 1) and (no 2). Singapore Journal of Legal Studies. 2020: 341–357.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chua E. H.B. Federalism and indigenous peoples in Sarawak: The Malaysian federal court’s judgments in Sandah (no 1) and (no 2). Singapore Journal of Legal Studies. 2020:341–357.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сартори Дж. Партии и партийные системы: рамки анализа. Партии и выборы: Хрестоматия. Ч. 1. М.: ИНИОН; 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sartori J. Parties and party systems: a framework for analysis. Parties and Elections: Reader. Part 1. Moscow: INION; 2004. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Миронюк М.Г. Современный федерализм: Сравнительный анализ. М., 2008. 279 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mironyuk M.G. Modern Federalism: A Comparative Analysis. Moscow; 2008. 279 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hicken A. Political engineering and party regulation in Southeast Asia. Political parties in conflict-prone societies: Regulation, engineering and democratic development. Tokyo: United nations univ. press; 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hicken A. Political engineering and party regulation in Southeast Asia. Political parties in conflict-prone societies: Regulation, engineering and democratic development. Tokyo: United Nations University Press; 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horowitz D.L. Democracy in divided societies. Journal of democracy. 1993;4(4):18–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horowitz D.L. Democracy in divided societies. Journal of Democracy. 1993;4(4):18–38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гришина А.М. Доминирующая партия Малайзии в период трансформации режима. Вестник Пермского Университета. Политология. 2015;1(29):84–92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grishina A.M. The dominant party in Malaysia during the period of regime transformation. Bulletin of the Perm University. Political science. 2015;1(29):84–92. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reid A. Imperial alchemy: Nationalism and political identity in Southeast Asia. N.Y.: Cambridge univ. press; 2010. 248 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reid A. Imperial alchemy: Nationalism and political identity in Southeast Asia. N.Y.: Cambridge University Press; 2010. 248 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greene K.F. The Political Economy of Authoritarian Single Party Dominance. Comparative Political Studies. 2010;43(7):807–834.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greene K.F. The Political Economy of Authoritarian Single Party Dominance. Comparative Political Studies. 2010;43(7):807–834.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crouch H. Authoritarian trends, the UMNO split and the limits to state power. Sydney: Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin; 1992.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crouch H. Authoritarian trends, the UMNO split and the limits to state power. Sydney: Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin; 1992.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chin J. Malaysia: The Barisan National Supremacy. NY: Chatham House Publ.; 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chin J. Malaysia: The Barisan National Supremacy. NY: Chatham House Publ.; 2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Slater D. State Power and Staying Power: Infrastructural Mechanisms and Authoritarian Durability. Journal of International Affairs. 2011;(3):15–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slater D. State Power and Staying Power: Infrastructural Mechanisms and Authoritarian Durability. Journal of International Affairs. 2011;(3):15–29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Денисов С.А. Мягкий авторитаризм: условия и средства его поддержания. Политическая концептология: журнал метадисциплинарных исследований. 2016;(1):209–219.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denisov S.A. Soft authoritarianism: conditions and means of its maintenance. Political Conceptology: A Journal of Metadisciplinary Research. 2016;(1):209–219. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ефимова Л.М. Федерация Малайзия — успехи и трудности. URL: https://mgimo.ru/about/news/experts/federatsiya-malayziya-uspekhi-i-trudnosti</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Efimova L.M. Federation of Malaysia — successes and difficulties. URL: https://mgimo.ru/about/news/experts/federatsiya-malayziya-uspekhi-i-trudnosti. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
