humanitiesГуманитарные науки. Вестник Финансового университетаHumanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University2226-78672619-1482Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation10.26794/2226-7867-2019-9-4-63-69humanities-355Research ArticleФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ НАУЧНОЕ ЗНАНИЕFUNDAMENTAL SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGEВлияние цифровых коммуникаций на политическое участиеThe Influence of Digital Communications on Political ParticipationПырмаР. В.PyrmaR. V.

Пырма Роман Васильевич, канд. полит. наук, доцент Департамента политологии и массовых коммуникаций

Pyrma R. V., Ph.D. of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Political Sciences and Mass Communications

rpyrma@gmail.comФинансовый университетРоссияFinancial UniversityRussian Federation201903122019946369Copyright © Пырма Р.В., 20192019Пырма Р.В.Pyrma R.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://humanities.fa.ru/jour/article/view/355

В статье проведен обзор исследований, оценивающих эффекты влияния цифровых технологий коммуникации на политическое участие граждан. Политическое участие понимается как проявление гражданской активности. Автор рассматривает изменения форм политического участия граждан при переходе цифровых коммуникаций от однонаправленных информационных технологий Web 1.0 к интерактивным технологиям Web 2.0, используемых в социальных медиа. Оценка влияния цифровых коммуникаций на общественную активность показана с различных обоснованных позиций «кибер»-пессимистов и оптимистов. Пессимисты отмечают негативные эффекты расширения использования цифровых коммуникаций, которые состоят в общественной разобщенности, размывании социального капитала и, как следствие, в снижении гражданской и политической активности. В свою очередь, оптимисты утверждают, что интенсивное использование цифровых коммуникаций открыло возможности для доступа к нужной информации и создания новых форм политического участия, существенно снижая издержки (время, усилия) мобилизации сторонников и координации действий. Причем цифровые медиа создали условия для реализации творческих и неполитических форматов участия, которые часто преобразуются в политические действия. На основании метаданных автор делает вывод об усилении и разнообразии эффектов воздействия цифровых коммуникаций на гражданское и политическое участие.

The article provides a review of studies assessing the effects of digital communication technologies on the political participation of citizens. Political participation is understood as civic engagement. The author considers the changes in the forms of political participation of citizens in the transition of digital communications from unidirectional information technologies Web 1.0 to interactive technologies Web 2.0 used in social media. Evaluation of the impact of digital communications on public activity is shown from various well-founded positions of ‘cyber-pessimists’ and ‘cyberoptimists’. Pessimists note the negative effects of the increased use of digital communications, which consist of social disunity, the erosion of social capital and, as a result, in a decrease in civil and political activity. In turn, optimists argue that the intensive use of digital communications has opened up opportunities for access to the necessary information and the creation of new forms of political participation, significantly reducing the cost (time, effort) of mobilising supporters and coordinating action. Moreover, digital media has created conditions for the implementation of creative and non-political formats of participation, which are often transformed into political actions. Based on the metadata, the author concluded it is necessary to strengthen and diversity of the effects of digital communication on civic and political participation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.