The main goal of the article is to reveal the essence and features of the classical political economy’s liberal research paradigm, taking into account the methodological and theoretical innovations of K. Marx, which led to the completion of this paradigm, in the book “Capital”. It exposed alternative to each other Marx (restrictive) and generally accepted (broadening) positions of understanding the classical political economy paradigm time frames. On the basis of the analysis, the argument is made that the research paradigm of classical political economy, introduced into the scientific revolution in Capital, originated in the bowels of mercantilism at the turn of the XVIIth - beginning of the XVIIIth centuries, almost uncontestedly dominated economics until the second half of the XIXth century. The generalization of the proposition is based on the fact that in K. Marx’s Capital, judgments about the model of the economic life of the future and such a qualitatively different paradigm of economics are clearly manifested in which mentality, mores, collective psychology will be taken into account, since “economic laws capitalism” in the historical context can not be considered unchanging and never-ending. As a summary, the conclusion is drawn that the results of the theoretical and methodological research in K. Marx, which in the most concentrated and complete form absorbed his work “Capital”, were the most important components of the fundamental prerequisites for a qualitative renewal of economic science, viewed through the prism of the emergence and subsequent change of inherent research paradigms.