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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">humanities</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гуманитарные науки. Вестник Финансового университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-7867</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1482</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2226-7867-2024-14-5-56-63</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">humanities-1054</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ НАУЧНОЕ ЗНАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FUNDAMENTAL SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпистемическая теория демократии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Epistemic Theory of Democracy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-7425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шавеко</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaveko</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Александрович Шавеко — кандидат юридических наук, старший научный сотрудник Удмуртского филиала по исследованию проблем этнополитики и государственного строительства</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai A. Shaveko — Cand. Sci. (Law.), Senior Research Fellow at the Udmurt Branch for the Study of Problems of Ethnopolitics and State Building</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shavekonikolai@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт философии и права, Уральское отделение Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Philosophy and Law, Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шавеко Н.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шавеко Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shaveko N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://humanities.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1054">https://humanities.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1054</self-uri><abstract><p>В начале XXI в. ряд западных политических теоретиков предпринял попытку разработать систематическое теоретическое обоснование демократии с эпистемологических позиций, т.е. доказать, что именно демократия приводит к наиболее правильным (в том или ином смысле) политическим решениям. В результате можно говорить о возникновении новой нормативной теории демократии, а именно эпистемической. В статье методом сравнительного анализа показано, что основные современные эпистемологические обоснования демократии представлены в формах рационального/умеренного эпистемического процедурализма (Д. Эстлунд и др.), чистого эпистемического процедурализма (Ф. Питер), а также в других формах, например, в демократии надежности (С. Приич Самаржия). В рамках первой формы предлагается выделять три основных способа эпистемического обоснования демократии, а именно через демонстрацию эпистемических преимуществ: 1) совещательных практик; 2) теоремы Кондорсе о присяжных заседателях; 3) разнообразия мнений (формула «разнообразие превосходит способности»). Таким образом, в статье осуществляется обзор современных западных дискуссий, посвященных эпистемическому обоснованию демократии, и осуществляется классификация существующих точек зрения. Раскрываются взгляды основных представителей эпистемологической концепции демократии, а также приводятся наиболее перспективные способы критики этих взглядов. При этом высказываются сомнения в том, что эпистемическую демократию можно рассматривать как разновидность совещательной демократии, поскольку эпистемические демократы ценят не только обсуждение, но и так называемое «чудо агрегации». Также отмечается, что у эпистемологических демократов отсутствует четкая теория о том, как именно их обоснования должны соотноситься с чисто процедурными обоснованиями демократии, связанными с ценностью политического равенства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>At the beginning of the 21st century, some Western political theorists tried to justify democracy in an epistemic way. They wanted to prove that democracy leads to the most correct political decisions. Consequently, it is reasonable to say that a new normative theory of democracy has emerged — the epistemic theory. The article demonstrates that the existing epistemic justifications of democracy are presented in the forms of rational/moderate epistemic proceduralism (D. Estlund et al.), pure   epistemic proceduralism (F. Peter), as well as in other forms, for example reliability democracy (S. Prijić Samaržija). Within the framework of the first form, three main ways of epistemic justification of democracy can be distinguished, namely through the demonstration of epistemic advantages of: 1) deliberative practices; 2) the Condorcet jury theorem; 3) opinions’ diversity (the formula “diversity trumps ability”). Doubts are expressed that epistemic democracy can be seen as a form of deliberative democracy. This is because epistemic democrats not only value deliberation but also what is called the “miracle of aggregation”. The article explores the ideas of the main representatives of the epistemic theory of democracy and suggests   the most promising ways to criticize these theories. It also points out that all epistemic democrats lack a clear theory of   how their justifications relate to the purely procedural justifications of democracy based on the value of political equality.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>модели демократии</kwd><kwd>чудо агрегации</kwd><kwd>теорема присяжных Кондорсе</kwd><kwd>мудрость толпы</kwd><kwd>совещательная демократия</kwd><kwd>делиберация</kwd><kwd>моральный когнитивизм</kwd><kwd>справедливость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>models of democracy</kwd><kwd>miracle of aggregation</kwd><kwd>jury theorem</kwd><kwd>wisdom of crowd</kwd><kwd>deliberative democracy</kwd><kwd>deliberation</kwd><kwd>moral cognitivism</kwd><kwd>justice</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Landemore H. Beyond the fact of disagreement? The epistemic turn in deliberative democracy. 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